The protection of public money for each futility or sabotage is the main objectives of which state is keen to achieve because there is no money in the hands of the state is the strength of her, because this is obliged to maintain it and place it in the hands of secretary to the preservation of the futility of those who abuse and assault the aggressors, especially in these days, which multiplied by the phenomenon assault. And this study reached to result: the protection of public money tedious process requiring the concerted efforts of segments of society all the result of the importance of the legislature declare and identify how to handle it by the State, individuals and ways of protection due to the seriousness of the infringement upon through the adoption of the rules of several legal such as not prohibiting the disposal of public money and not be owned by the statute of limitations and the inadmissibility of seizure upon emphasis in some articles of the Penal Code when he was attacked.

Adoption is the taking of a child of a known or unknown parentage, but known for sure not to be that of the adopter as his or her own child. Adoption takes different forms and may be done under Statutory or Customary laws. What is the procedure involved in adoption? Who may be adopted? What are the legal effects of adoption? Does Islamic Law make provisions for adoption? This paper seeks to provide answers to the above questions. It takes a look at the current legal regime relating to adoption in Nigeria. Where necessary, suggestions for improvement are made.

The transformation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) into the African Union (AU) in July 2002 at the Heads of State Summit in Durban, South Africa increased hopes for the African continent as it grappled with a broad range of challenges. These hopes were further bolstered with the adoption of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) as the AU’s framework for development. NEPAD recognises governance, peace and security as central precondition for development. The African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) by which African countries are judged on their compliance with stated norms of governance is a remarkable innovation designed to facilitate the delivery not only of good governance but also peace and security. Moreover, security within the context of a new African Union has taken on a broader meaning since the end of the cold war from a traditional state-centric and ideologically- inspired concept to encompassing a human security approach. From this holistic perspective, the threats to human security in Africa remain a challenge for the AU and NEPAD. Similarly, failure to manage Africa’s diverse peoples and resources has resulted in devastating conflicts across the continent. While governance and security are not the only challenges in Africa, it seems clear that the process towards the continent’s renewal would need to proceed on a sound governance and security base. Moreover, as the dominantinstitutions and programmers representing the collective vision of the continent, success in dealing with Africa’s security and governance issue will largely depend on the AU/NEPAD and its programmes that is, APRM.

Global financial stability hinges on collective action at the international level, but also an effective national system. Robust anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism regimes are important pillars of the international regulatory and supervising systems and are part and parcel of the current efforts to strengthen the global financial system. It is clear that Nigerian government has demonstrated commitment by putting in place legislative and enforcement framework for the implementation of international instruments for combating terrorist financing and money laundering. The commitment culminated in vesting enforcement powers to the law enforcement and regulatory bodies. These bodies complemented the provisions of the laws by providing comprehensive regulatory and supervisory frameworks for combating terrorist financing and money laundering. In spite of the efforts of the enforcement and regulatory agencies, much is still left to be desired. This is because the perpetrators are professionals and highly placed persons in the society. For these reasons, terrorist financing and money laundering continue to evolve assuming new scope and applying new tactics. The promulgation of laws and the establishment of new regulatory or law enforcement institutions alone are not sufficient to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. They must be supported by strong political will on the part of the government and real and meaningful implementation of the laws through investigations, prosecutions and convictions to give credibility to such laws. In this regard, international cooperation and mutual assistance in investigations, prosecutions and law enforcement are critically necessary in view of the transnational features of money laundering and the financing of terrorism.

Teaching English as a foundation course in our tertiary institutions can be cumbersome and tasking. The use of English is a main course taught in almost all tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The use of English refers to the conventional English language programme taught to new entrants in tertiary institutions. The approach is general and not geared to any specific group of students despite the diversity in their academic pursuit and language needs. However, the course faces many challenges. This paper therefore aims to examine these challenges by looking at English and the concept of global language, challenges of globalization, problems faced in teaching the use of English and proffers solutions to these challenges.

Corruption pervades every continent of the world however it is endemic in Nigeria. It is said to be the root cause of every ill bedevilling the nation, the primary cause of stagnancy, gross underdevelopment, high rate of criminality and terrorism. This paper intends to examine corruption in Nigeria, causes and effects with a view to suggesting methods for effective amelioration.

This paper is aim to examines moral rights infringement on online book publicity in cyberspace based on civil law system. Emergence of the Information Technology (IT) revolution will impact to emergence the intellectual property rights (IPRs) infringement. Nowadays, society can access the information on the web easily, so that information and digital products are able to be copied and modified easily. In this situation, technology provides ease of life for its users. However, copyright infringement for e-books is often overlooked. One of IPRs issue in cyberspace is moral rights infringement. Moral right infringement of book work is including illegal translation and illegal online publicity. These issues are related to a person’s activities for making derivative and displaying the work without permission. Copyright is the legal protection extended to the rights owner in an original work that has created it so that the owner has "exclusive rights" of copyright in a book work.

The climate change phenomenon with its associated increase in global temperature, precipitation and rise in sea levels has also ushered in an increased frequency of flooding in recent times. In the year 2012, many Nigerian cities suffered from the ravaging effects of flooding. This led to lose of lives, internal displacements, destruction of properties, disruption of socio-economic, cultural and religious activities; and splintering of family ties. The cities of Awka and Onitsha in Anambra state, Nigeria featured among the vulnerable cities which are susceptible to flooding. This study set out to find out the causes of flooding in these cities with a view to recommending measures that will help ameliorate the situation. Direct observations and structured interview methods were used to acquire the needed primary data from residents of identified flood prone areas and in addition to secondary data obtained from official records of the State Ministry of Environment. The result revealed that although flooding gives the residents of Awka and Onitsha nightmares, especially during the rainy seasons; it had received only 15% of government intervention activities on environmental problems. There is gross inadequacy in the provision of drainage channels, coupled with poor designs, poor construction and blocked drainage channels. In addition, houses are built indiscriminately, while solid waste disposal are not properly managed. In view of the above discoveries, some of the recommendations which were postulated include the need to develop and implement proactive and holistic urban flooding control and management measures which are rooted in Public participation.

The research is focused on a model of settlement effort for communal conflict in Ketara Village, Central Lombok Regency where there is a conflict between DayengRurung block and BagekDewa block known as the three-day war. There were six conflicts since 2007 until 2009 and the peak of the conflict happened on September 26, 2009 in which 6 people were killed. On the other hand, the communal conflict between Ngali Village and Renda Village consisted of four stages. The first stage happened 1909-1911 caused by the revenge as an impact of the war between the Ngali against the Dutch in which the village was burned down after the Dutch defeated them. The second stage was known as “Ndempa” (Mbojo language or Bima) involving the Ngali Village against the neighboring Renda Village, Baralau Village and Sakuru Village of Bima Regency from 1911 until 1970. The third stage happened from 1971 until 1991 involving the youths carrying sharps. The fourth stage happened since 1991 until 2009. It is the fourth stage chosen as the focus of the research because it is the biggest one and involves the use of organic weapons. The legal issues are why communal conflict happens and how the effective model of settlement shall be realized in the future. The model of settlement effort for communal conflict in forms of penal and non-penal efforts that can guarantee legal certainty and justice is the ideal of the community. Indonesia embraces civil law system obliging detailed elaboration of the articles for dealing with communal conflict and the law enforcement official can use the Criminal Code (KUHP) Article 358 KUHP, Article 170, 351, 55, 338-340, and Code of Criminal Procedure and the Law No. 2 Year 2002 on the National police, especially article 18 regulating Police Discretion.