Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used to protect hot sections of industrial gas turbine blades against high temperature corrosion and oxidation. They usually consist of a thermally insulating ceramic top layer (Yittria Stabilized Zirconia or YSZ) and an oxidation resistant metallic bond coat (MCrAlY) thermally sprayed onto the nickel-based superalloy substrate surfaces. Currently MCrAlY powders, up to 100μm in diameter are used in the production of thermal barrier coatings by the industrial gas turbine component manufacturers. It has been found that the nanocrystalline MCrAlY layer provide better oxidation behavior than the currently used microstructured MCrAlY layer at elevated temperatures. In this research work, nanocrystalline NiCrAlY powders were manufactured using a conventional Ni22Cr10Al1.0Y powder as the base material using a planetary ball mill device. The microstructural characterization of NiCrAlY powders before and after milling were explored using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer. The results indicated that the synthesized NiCrAlY powders mainly consists of two phases: γ (Ni,Cr-rich) and γ’ (Ni3Al).

The radioactivity of Lagos State in the Southwestern Nigeria was determined using an HpGe based, low level passive gamma-counting system. The main radinouclides analyzed in the samples were the progenies of 238U and 232Th. The other two isotopes were the naturally occurring 40K and the anthropogenic 137Cs. The results of the study showed that the average specific activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K have consistent values with published data for many other countries in the world. The presence of the fission product 137Cs could be traced to the fallout of the nuclear tests in the Sahara desert and probably, some effects of the more recent nuclear reactor accident at Chernobyl in 1986.

The purpose of this study is to formulate a general theoretical design of equispaced energy levels for semiconductor nanostructures. Here we present a preliminary report for the design of equispaced energy levels for quantum wells (QWs) in semiconductor ternary alloys (AxB1-xC). The procedure is by mapping the envelope function Schrodinger equation for a realistic QW, with the local conduction-band edges as the potential experienced by an electron in the QW into an effective-mass Schrodinger equation with a linear harmonic oscillator potential by the method of coordinate transformation. The electron effective mass and potential are then obtained as the signatures for the equispaced energy levels for QWs in semiconductor ternary alloys.

Given the importance of pseudo differential operators in physics, we present in this paper the useful background to study the algebraic structure of fractional pseudo differential operators. We present a brief account of basic properties of the space of higher conformal spin differential lax operators in the bosonic case and we give some applications through the fractional KP hierarchy

New Schiff base ligand (Z)-7-(2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylideneamino)-2-phenylacetamido)-3-methyl-8- oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid = (HL)was prepared via condensation of Cephalexin and 4(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde in methanol . Polydentate mixed ligand complexes were obtained from 1:1:2 molar ratio reactions with metal ions and HL, 2NA on reaction with MCl2 .nH2O salt yields complexes corresponding to the formulas [M(L)(NA)2Cl] ,where M = Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),and Zn(II) and NA=nicotinamide . The 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis and elemental analysis were used for the characterization of the ligand. The complexes were structurally studied through AAS, FT-IR, UV-Vis, chloride contents, conductance, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. All complexes are non-electrolytes in DMSO solution. Octahedral geometries have been suggested for each of the complexes. the Schiff base ligands function as tridentates and the deprotonated enolic form is preferred for coordination. In order to evaluate the effect ofthe bactericidal activity, these synthesized complexes, in comparison to the uncomplexed Schiff base has been screened against bacterial species., Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coil and the results are reported.

We have incorporated the translational rotational (TR) coupling effects in the framework of three body force shell model (TSM) to develop an extended TSM (ETSM). This ETSM has been applied to reveal the second order elastic constants (C11,C12 and C44) in the dilute regimes 0≤ x ≤ 0.50 as a function of temperature for 0K≤T≤320K. The anomalous elastic behaviour in C44 has been depicted well by ETSM results in the orientationally disordered (NH4Br) x(KBr)1-x mixed crystals. In order to present a visual comparison of the TRcoupling effect on second order elastic constants, we have evaluated the SOECs with and without TR coupling term in ETSM.

A system of matter dissipating antimatter and parallel system of antimatter that contribute to the dissipation of the velocity of production of matter is investigated. It is shown that the time independence of the contributions portrays another system by itself and constitutes the equilibrium solution of the original time independent system. With the methodology reinforced with the explanations, we write the governing equations with the nomenclature for the systems in the foregoing, by concatenation process, ipso facto. We discuss following systems in all its predicational anteriorities, character consonations, ontological consonances, primordial exactitude, accolytish representation, differential relations, and concomitant contiguous similarities. (1) Antimatter as an integral part of the electromagnetic phenomena. (2) Electricity consists of the flow of electrons and positrons in opposite directions along a conductor (not only of electrons, as current accepted knowledge describes), induced by the crossing of a magnetic field through the conductor. (3) When a charged particle passes through matter at rest it will cause the production of electron pairs, that is, electrons and positrons, but if nothing separates them by force, they will reunite after the passing of the charged particle, nullifying each other, and the atoms of matter will be back at rest. (4) In order to preserve the law of conservation of energy, the amount of energy required to break free the electron and the positron from a bielectron (a theoretical dual particle containing an electron and a positron) must be equal to the amount of energy released by a matter-antimatter encounter of the same particles. (5) When a conductor is at rest all the bielectrons are located at their respective orbits in the conductor's atoms, generating no electric charge. (6) When a conductor is placed under a moving magnetic field, its otherwise stable bielectrons will break apart into electrons and positrons, which will flow in opposite directions along the conductor. At the closing of the circuit, electrons and positrons, attracted to each other by their opposite charge, reunite into bielectrons releasing an equal amount of energy as initially required to separate them. (7) Matter gormandizes antimatter (Antimatter has to pre-exist to be able to appear in a collision of particles. We are not creating antimatter; antimatter is there, intermingled with matter. Particle collisions do not “produce” antimatter; they separate antimatter from the particles of which it is part). (8) We assume that should there be another force in physics: the force of attraction between matter and antimatter and give a model. We shall call it Bundeswehr (German for "Federal Defense"). So Bundeswehr binds matter and antimatter. (9) At the closing of the circuit the free electrons and positrons, pushed forward by their own “pressure”, are irresistibly pulled by the attraction of their antimatter counterpart. It is this process of mutual attraction and continuous reunification into bielectrons which causes the flow of electrons and positrons along the conductors. Paper answers, not wholly or in full measure, but substantially the relationship between dark matter and antimatter and speculates in epiphenomena and phenomenological form the circumspective jurisprudence of consideration of the antimatter as dark matter. This also answers the long standing question in cosmology that why matter is prevalent in the universe in contrast to antimatter. The paper seems to confirm antimatter as an intrinsic constituent of ordinary matter; antimatter as an integral part of the electromagnetic phenomena; the existence of a new particle namely bielectron, consisting of an electron and a positron joined together within the atom; that matter and antimatter preceded the big-bang and their violent encounter may have been the actual cause of the big-bang itself; that matter and antimatter have a pacific coexistence in today’s universe, after the big-bang; the possible existence of a new force in physics namely Bundeswehr, which would recombine and keep matter and antimatter particles together.

We have studied statistically correlative analysis of long-term modulation of cosmic ray intensity (CRI) with coronal mass ejections and solar flare index for the period of 1997 to 2010 (23rd and 24th solar cycle). Inverse correlation has been found between solar activity parameters cosmic ray intensity (CRI), coronal mass ejections, solar flare index. Negative correlation with correlation coefficient -0.83 has been found between cosmic ray intensity and coronal mass ejections. Negative correlation with correlation coefficient -0.70 has been found between cosmic ray intensity and solar flare index number.

The electronic structure modification of germanium nanocrystals under the condition of external pressure has been investigated, in order to gain a better understanding of their relevant properties. In this paper, an atomistic insight into the effect of size-pressure variation on the electronic structure of germanium nanocrystals (of 8, 16, 54 atoms) is performed. The effect of pressure on the structural and electronic properties of germanium nanocrystals has been investigated using the large unit cell within the framework of ab initio restricted Hartree- Fock theory and the linear combination of atomic orbital approximation included in Gaussian03 software by considering the effects of size and pressure. Cohesive energy, indirect band gap, valence bandwidth and bulk modulus are all obtained, which is consistent with understanding the interdependence of these quantities and their common atomistic origin originates with size- and pressure-induced change, leading to a variation of the crystal potential. Theoretical results are compared with the experimental measurements. The calculations show an agreement of the calculated lattice constant at equilibrium point, cohesive energy, valence bandwidth, and bulk modulus with the experimental data. Computed band gap is greater than the experimental value. That is what expected from Hartree-Fock method. Band gap shows a good trend compared to theoretical values. The calculations of the effect of pressure on the aforementioned properties are investigated. It is found that the valence bandwidth decrease with the increase of pressure, and cohesive energy decrease with the increase of tensile pressure in 8 atoms while it increase in both 16 and 54 atoms. Lattice constant increase with pressure in three crystals, and energy gap decrease with pressure in both 8, and 16 atoms crystals and increase with pressure in 54 atoms nanocrystal. The maximum value of pressure is taken to be 7.6 GPa, because beyond this value, the phase of Ge transforms from nanocrystals to another phase.

Present work deals with density functional theory to investigate the electronic distribution of phynelene and thiophene compounds and their adducts, the position of interaction between the two structures changes to include six systems. The electronic properties were studied in two ways, the vertical energy method and vertical orbital method include the chemical potential, chemical molecular hardness, chemical softness, electrophilic index and polarizability. The geometry optimization was calculated at b3LYP level of theory. The results showed that the new structures are more reactive, they have low chemical hardness with large electrophilicity.

We note if j is a normal weight on M, then n M j| is a measure on projections and if a measure on projections can be extended to a normal weight, then the problem of constructing an integral with respect to this measure reduces to the problem of constructing an integral with respect to the weight. We therefore present several methods of constructing noncommutative integration which gives a survey of the contemporary state of the theory in the von Neumann algebra (M) with respect to weightj. For every aÎ [0,1], the Banach space p, L a ( ) j is isometrically isomorphic to the space Lp(t) and the space p, L a ( ) j is, by definition, the Banach space completion of 1/ p ma in the norm p, . . a .We construct the scale of Lp(j) spaces (1£ p £ ¥) with respect to a faithful normal semifinite (f.n.s.) weight j on a von Neumann algebra M. These spaces are realized by operators. This is achieved by extending the original algebra M, and the Hilbert space where M originally acted is altered, as well. In the construction of the scale, the concept of an operator-valued weight is used. We discuss the problem of integration with respect to measures on projections which remains open for unbounded measures (m(1) = +¥) and their structure has been studied only for the algebra ℒ(ℋ).

Cracks on concrete and walls could be bothersome for quality of life and for property claims. Geophysical investigations was carried out around Faculty of Science and BACOSA buildings of Bowen University Temporary site, Iwo with a view to establish the possible cause(s) of failure of buildings within the study area. The geophysical methods used for the investigation were the Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and the Electrical Resistivity (ER) methods. The VLF-EM measurements were taken at an interval of 10m along six traverse lines in the E-W and S-N directions. From the result of the VLF-EM, six VES stations were occupied in the study area involving Schlumberger configuration with half current electrode separation (AB/2) varying from 1 to a maximum of 65m. The 2-D VLF-EM models generated showed a network of suspected linear (geological) structures such as fractures, faults and contacts within the study area. The VES curve types obtained in the area include HA, KH, QH and AA with HA type curve dominating. Four subsurface geologic layers were delineated in the study area. These include the topsoil, weathered layer, clayey sand and fresh basement with resistivity ranging from 121.3 to 771.2 ohm-m, 134.4 to 595.8 ohm-m, 81.6 to 951.9 ohm-m and 1474.7 to 5134.4 ohm-m respectively. The thickness range from 0.5 to 2.4m, 1.8 to 9.8m and2.7 to 24.5m. Depths to the bedrock are generally less than 40m. The resistivity of the weathered layer beneath the topsoil in which the foundation is seated was found to be low within the study area, ranging from 134.4 to 595.8 ohm-m typical of clayey materials. From the models generated from VLF-EM and resistivity data, the distressed structures were found to be situated within the areas with a fairly high concentration of fractures, faults and contacts and relatively low resistivity values(less than 1000 ohm-m) typical of incompetent clayey formation.

Light sources and light curing techniques for composite resins have improved remarkably. Aragon Ion Laser (AL) have been introduced for curing dental composite and to overcome drawbacks of the conventional quartztungsten halogen lights (QTHs). The aim of research to study the mechanical properties (Hardness & Degree of cure) of composite material after light curing by different sources (Halogen and Laser). These feature were including hardness and depth of cure in both curing unit ( laser argon and halogen light ) in different exposure (10 , 20 , and 30) by using two of fillers material swissTEC and composan LCM types . The(216) samples have been prepared and dividing into (6) groups , micrometer are used to measuring the depth of cure according to (ISO 4049/2000) . Hardness test are made by Vickers hardness testing with diameter (6mm) and thickness (2mm) of samples, The results of the depth of cure appeared the resin composite by aragon laser light curing is greater than halogen light with about (0.05).In (10 sec ) depth of cure (DOC) of halogen in 2.072, but in laser argon is2.640, 20 sec halogen is 3.047 , and in aragon laser is 3.090 of swissTEC type but for composanLCM for (10 sec) depth of cure halogen is 2.25, laser argon is 2.530, 20 Sec halogen is 2.577 , but in aragon laser is 2.921 , the result values of (DOC), hardness tests are increased with increasing the exposure time, also show the depth of cure and hardness for swissTEC type larger than composan LCM. The properties of the composite enhance better when laser is used as a cure unit in a comparison with the halogen light.

Evaluation of trace elements in Iraqi chewing gums are unavailable, particularly pollution of toxic elements, materials which change the values of PH in the Oral. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) were successfully employed to determine the concentration of 7 trace elements (essentially toxic and nonessential) and the PH, in thirteen different brands of chewing gum generally consumed in Iraq. Combined wet and dry digestion procedures were applied. Two types of heated graphite tubes were used, coated and uncoated tubes treated with tungsten solution. Result showed that Cu, Al and Zn were at very high levels in almost all brands whereas Mn was found to be high in brands A and O only.

A large-scale circulation velocity, often called the "wind", has been observed in turbulent convection in the Rayleigh- Benard apparatus with a container of an aspect ratio of unity. Temperature fluctuations measured in different positions inside the container for Rayleigh numbers of the order of 1011 when the flow is fully turbulent, are analyzed with auto and cross correlation. It is found that the trajectory of the mean wind has the shape of one convection cell with the size of the order of the container.

Inverse of Dielectric Function of highly doped GaN has been calculated by using Lindhard formalism. For simplicity collisional damping, nonparabolicity and the coupling between various electrons and holes were neglected. The inverse of the dielectric function for both Fermi- Dirac and Maxwell Boltzman distribution showed antiscreening peak at small phonon wave vector. On the contrary, both Thomas Fermi and Debye inverse of dielectric function showed screening as expected at same phonon wave vector. There is a sharp growth in the antiscreening peak in the inverse of dielectric function at carrier temperature 77 K and 300K, accompanied with a singularity at carrier concentration greater than 24 3 5 10 − x m .

Following our previous work on fractional supersymmetry (FSUSY) [1,2], we focus here our contribute to the study of the superspace formulation in 1D that is invariant under FSUSY where F = 3 and defined by Q = H 3 , we extend our formulation in the end of our paper to arbitrary F with F > 3 .

Two groups of cadmium selenide thin films deposited at 250C and 740C respectively on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition method were studied. A moderately stable sodium selenosulphite (Na2SeSo3) was used as a source of Se2- ions. To prevent spontaneous precipitation and ensure ion-by-ion deposition on the substrate, TEA was used as a complexing agent. The optical characterization was centered on transmittance, reflectance for the annealed and various annealing temperature of thin film. The structural nature was obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The optical properties were obtained from absorption and transmittance data within the range of 200-to-1000nm. Some of the films were found to have a good transmittance and low reflectance hence suitable for window coatings for cold climates and antireflection coatings.

The synthesis and characterization of Eu3+ Dy3+ and Mn2+ doped CaYAl3O7 phosphor with fixed 1 mol% concentrations are reported herewith to study the kinetic and Thermoluminescence (TL) properties. The TL glow curve exhibit a peak centered around ~350°C ,for all three dopants. The Mn2+ ion is exhibits intensive peak to other dopants. . Determine the activation energy and kinetic parameters of these material using Chen’s formula. These results are supported by corresponding X-ray diffraction measurements which exhibit crystalline nature. These comparative analysis suggest the possibility of utilizing this material in futuristic dosimeter application as well as in solid state lighting devices.

This works investigate the effects of addition FeNO3 on optical properties of poly-vinyl alcohol(PVA). The specimens were prepared by adding FeNO3 to the solution of poly-vinyl alcohol with weight percentages from FeNO3 are(0,1,2,3)wt.%. The experimental Results show that the absorbance of (PVA-FeNO3 )composites increases with increase the weight percentages of FeNO3. The refractive index, real part of dielectric constant, Berwster angle and coefficient of finesses are increasing with increase weight percentages of FeNO3.

Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) is a corrosion mechanism induced by a combination of various physical, chemical and hydrodynamic factors that results into wall thinning of piping. Prediction and modeling of this phenomena is needed to account for local and non uniform distribution flow and mass transport characteristics This can be done by using CFD software FLUENT. In a number of nuclear reactors a feeder wall thing rate of 0.1084 mm/EFPY has been reported. In this study emphasis is given on two objectives. The first one was to perform CFD analysis using FLUENT. Feeder channel of a typical reactor was modeled as it showed the maximum wall thinning rate of 1.1 mm per year. However in this analysis no consideration was given to the chemical treatment of working fluid. The experimental studies of FAC were done at various temperatures in order to determine the threshold temperature for FAC. However, due to experimental limitations no significant FAC was found for water temperatures up to 90°C.

In this paper we will study about the relation between Cosmic ray Intensity(CRI) and Sunspot Number for solar cycle 22, 23 and 24.For this we have taken the data of cosmic ray intensity from various neutron Monitor stations .These neutron monitor stations are well maintained stations and provide reliable cosmic ray data for variation study. A detail correlative study have been done by running cross correlation method. The cosmic ray intensity and sunspot number shows high and negative correlation among themselves. Sunspot number shows anti phase with Cosmic ray Intensity (CRI).

Time lapse seismic also called 4D seismic is one of the recent techniques employed in petroleum production monitoring and management within the last two decades, it involves taking two or more 3D seismic at different calendar times over the same reservoir .Case study of 4D seismic in the USA, North sea, Indonesia and of course Nigeria have shown that the expenditure on 4D seismic is justified. Key benefits of 4D seismic include optimising injector profile management, optimising well placement, defining barriers to flow or compartments, assessing zones of undrained and bypassed oil, all of which leads to cost effective increase in oil and gas production. Onshore oil fields in Nigeria should also have 4D seismic and more publications from companies operating in Nigeria is encouraged.

Important information about stationary flows (BI)IÎI is contained in moments of the corresponding Lé vy process. We consider the case where we have an order invariance of the moments of the increments, in the sense that such moments do not change if we shift the increments against each other, as long as we do not change the relative position of the intervals. We then show that for large classes of quantum Lé vy processes one can make precise statements about the time behaviour of their moments.

The classical electrodynamics and special relativity theory of Einstein can calculate the speed of the electron or the proton, But each of it a range in the application. and a new single Law to calculate the speed has been discovered, this law is very easy.

The nanoparticles has use emerged to be highly promising for cancer therapy over the past few years, , most commonly the high photons therapy method(radiotherapy), which employs high photons absorbing with injected nanoparticles for enhancing the damage of tumors, the high photons therapy which employs nanoparticales that increase generate free radicals that is capable of tumor destruction. Last development in the field of nanoscience have seen the appearing of noble metal nanostructures with unique properties, well suited for applications in cancer radiotherapy. Metal nanoparticles has the phenomenon of enhanced dose absorption, thermal stability ,easy to detection and increasing the cross section of tissue . Because using nanoparticles as enhanced photo-absorbing agents thus introduced to enhance the efficiency of cancer radiotherapy. The easy synthetic of the silver nanoparticle as a colloidal solution with unique properties and the bio-targeting abilities of the silver nanoparticles make the radiotherapy method furthermore promising. In this project, we discuss the development of the radiotherapy method by injected silver nano particles as a colloidal solution in vivo. i.e. using silver nanosparticles interacted with high energy of gamma photons.

The objective of this paper is to investigate some aspects of dispersion relation of flexural waves propagation in a transversely isotropic hollow circular cylinder of infinite extent placed in a primary magnetic field. A frequency equation appropriate to the hollow circular cylinder is obtained by using the lame (Helmholtz) potentials for arbitrary values of the physical parameters involve as well as the primary magnetic field. Numerical calculations have been carried out when the cylinder is made of the material of Zinc Oxide. This study shows that waves in a solid body propagating under the influence of a superimposed magnetic field can differ significantly from those propagating in the absence of the magnetic field. Also, one may see that the effect of the primary magnetic field is to increase the values of the materials constants. Finally the results are given for different values of the primary magnetic field and presented graphically. The standard results of the previous investigations have also been deduced as particular cases.

The CMC/PVA composite membranes were prepared by casting method, the appropriate weight of CMC was variable (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 gm) was dissolved in (25ml) of distilled water under stirring and heat (80◦C) for (30 min.) then add the PVA with different weights (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 gm) for each CMC weight. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of CMC/PVA composite the ultrasonic measurements were performed at the samples , these properties are ultrasonic velocity, compressibility, acoustic impedance and bulk modulus, were made at fixed frequency (f =2.5 KHz), another acoustic mechanical properties were measured and calculated at a same time such as the ultrasonic wave amplitude before and after absorption by composite were measured using oscilloscope ,then we calculated absorption coefficient , transmittance and the reflected pressure ratio of the sound. It was found that there is significant relationship between ultrasonic velocity and material properties also results show that adding PVA affects on the density then the absorption of the ultrasonic waves inside the composites samples.

The paper presents a method which allows the calculation of the atmospheric distortion of radar pules, provided that the influence of the atmosphere is to transfer the transmitted signal through a duct. The polarization of the primary sources, whose moment varies arbitrarily in time, is chosen in such a way that it allows the exact determination of the electric field strength at some field point above the duct layer. We can determinate the transient behavior of the electric field strength at any distance above the duct.

In a paper "The Golden Dynamical Equation of Motion for Particles of Nonzero Rest in Gravitational Fields" (Howusu 2004, Physics Essays 17(3)), the planetary orbital equation of motion for particles of nonzero rest mass in gravitational fields was derived. In this paper we used the series method to calculate the angle of deflection for a photon that grazes the edge of the sun in the sun's Gravitational field. Our results were found to fall within experimental, measurements.

This study was conducted during 2012 utilizing selected four swim areas on the Tigris river in Baghdad city. Twenty water samples from four swim areas during swim season were collected for quality analyses using chemical, physical and bacterial parameters. The result revealed that the temperature, pH and means dissolved solid in the Tigris river water in all swim areas were within limit recommended by environmental protection Agency standards. While mean of the total dissolved solid, turbidity, chlorophyll and blue green algae were ranged from 0.69-0.89 g/l, 10.15-1248 NTU, 1.85-222.82 μg/l and 338-7999 cells/ml respectively. The total viable counts (TVCs) of bacteria were ranged from 128 to 10000 cells/ml. The total Coliforms (TCs) and fecal Coliforms (FCs) were ranged from 300-1600ml and126-1600 /100ml respectively. During the study 77 isolates of enteric bacteria were isolated and identified. Escherichia coli isolated from all water samples (20 isolates) which it represents 100%, Enterobacter spp. were 70%, Klebsiella spp. were 60%, Protus mirabilis were 65%, Protus vulgaris were 15%, Vibrio spp. were 30%, Morganella morgani were 10%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 5%, Salmonella Sp. was 5% and Staphylococcus spp. were 25%.

The partial replacement of rare earth cation by sodium introduces large size and charge mismatch at A-site affecting the bulk modulus and thermal properties of RMnO3 which in turn makes them suitable candidates for thermoelectric applications. Thermal, elastic, cohesive properties of sodium doped Rare Earth manganites R1- xNaxMnO3 (R3+= La, Pr, Tb) has been studied by means of a Modified Rigid Ion Model (MRIM) and AIM theory. Lattice specific heat (Cp) of Pr0.8Na0.2MnO3, and Tb0.85Na0.15MnO3 as a function of temperature (1K≤T≤ 350K) is found to be in agreement with the published data. The trend of variation of Debye temperature (θD), thermal expansion (α), bulk modulus (B) and cohesive energy (φ) with A-site cationic radius is predicted probably for the first time for these technologically important doped rare earth manganites.

The effects of vibration (longitudinal &transverse) on thermal imaging for truncated object target are considered, a conventional thermal camera and a Mathcad program to reconstruct the Bar Spread Function (BSF) degraded because vibration of target .A aerial photography is used as application in imaging the target ,results indicates that even low amplitude vibration greatly affects the predicted target detection.

ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized using wet chemical co-precipitation method. During synthesis, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and carboxylmethly cellulose (CMC) molecule were used as capping agents. The effect of the capping materials was analyzed for their effectiveness in limiting the growth of ZnS nanoparticles. The prepared ZnS nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-rays (EDX). The estimated crystal sizes from XRD are 3.92 nm and 3.89 nm for ZnS/PEG and ZnS/CMC nanosize semiconductors respectively. The effect of capping agent on the energy band gap of the capped ZnS nanoparticles were blue shifted at 0.16 eV and 0.28 eV for ZnS/PEG and ZnS/CMC respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the interaction of the capping agents with ZnS.

In this paper, we use the analytical solution the fractional dispersion equation in two dimensions by using modified decomposition method. The fractional derivative is described in Caputo's sense. Comparing the numerical results of method with result of the exact solution we observed that the results correlate well.

The nuclear optical model has been used in the analysis of elastic scattering for the reaction He B 4 +10 . This model has six optical parameters; the depth, Coulomb radius and the diffuseness on both the real part and imaginary part potentials. Out of the six, five parameters were chosen and for this case diffuseness parameter on the imaginary part was kept constant. The five parameters were used to calculate the partial wave S-matrix, the differential cross section and the reaction cross section as a ratio to Rutherford cross section. The partial wave scattering data was obtained basing on the quantum mechanical optical code for all the stated Laboratory energies. The angular distribution for the reaction He B 4 +10 for both reaction cross section to the Rutherford cross-section and differential cross section ranging from centre of mass angles ( ) cm θ of 0 0 0 −180 were also obtained for all the energies, ( = 5, Lab E 7, 12 and 15 MeV) and whose data and graphs are presented.

This study deals a new concepts of some physical reciprocally quantities which are vectors or scalars and its relationship with the fundamental quantities. The reciprocal of kinematics dimension quantities of moved particle for linear, rotational and circular movement are resulted the quantities that so called the time quantities such as time velocity, time acceleration . Other derivative quantities were derived from the principle equations to produce reciprocal movement equations. For dynamical mechanics, the quantities were derived from the principle equation such as time force, momentum, torque, energy,…ect. Also some reciprocal quantities due to electricity equations include the reactance, electric current, conductivity, …ect, and its derivative quantities are introduced time current density, time power. The results show that the concept of reciprocal of some quantities describes the quantity from two faces, first the principle quantities as were known, which depend on time and second the reciprocal of this quantity, that independent on time and gives a new concept to the same quantity, describe the motion of particle or field. This will add a complete meaning of movement of a particle , if a particle is a moving neutral or charged particle, or intrinsic quantity.

A double FFT (DFFT) procedure is developed to reduce the effect of 1/f noise in the spectrum of Distribution FeedBack (DFB) tunable diode laser. Simulations and experimental results are preformed. An obvious effectiveness of the double FFT on the 1/f noise spectrum has been observed. The 1/f noise was monitored in the three terminals. A linear fitting of the 1/f was verified for Single FFT (SFFT) and (DFFT) to calculate the Frequency Exponent Factor (FEF) α and the amplitude of 1/f noise.

Mickelson held in 1887 and Morley experiment to determine the speed of the earth for the supposed ether, But the classical theory failed to explain this experiment, After the effort was able to interpret the experience, that is design equations called the Lorenz's transformations, But rejected at the time because it did not conclude mathematically, Then Einstein in 1905 came And was able to interpret the experience as his theory of special relativity that depend entirely on the uniform rectilinear motion ,then Einstein put his transformations. But now we can find these transformations depending on the accelerated motion (Jabr's transformations)!

The propagation of extensional and flexural motions of generalized thermoelastic waves in a homogeneous, transversely isotropic plate of finite width is considered. The frequency equations for the plates in closed form and suitable mathematical conditions for symmetric and antisymmetric wave modes propagation are derived. Numerical calculations for three various theories of generalized thermoelasticity is carried out. In each case the real and imaginary parts of the frequency equation as a function of phase velocity for different values of thermal relaxation times are illustrated graphically. It is found that, the frequency equations of the extensional and flexural motions can be oscillate with respect to the medial of the plate. Moreover, it gets modified due to the thermal relaxation times and anisotropic effects. Finally, the results for the coupled thermoelasticity can be obtained as particular cases of the results by setting thermal relaxation times equal to zero

The HEC/PVA composite membranes of hydroxyethyl cellulose and poly vinyl alcohol were prepared by casting method, the appropriate weight of HEC was variable (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 gm) dissolved in (25ml) of distilled water under stirring and heat (70◦C) for (30 min.) then add the PVA with different weights (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 gm) for each HEC weight. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of HEC/ PVA composite the ultrasonic measurements were performed at the samples , these properties are ultrasonic velocity, compressibility, acoustic impedance and bulk modulus, were made at fixed frequency (f =15KHz), another acoustic mechanical properties were measured and calculated at a same time such as the ultrasonic wave amplitude before and after absorption by composite were measured using oscilloscope ,then we calculated absorption coefficient , transmittance and the reflected pressure ratio of the sound. It was found that there is significant relationship between ultrasonic velocity and material properties also results show that adding PVA affects on the density then the absorption of the ultrasonic waves inside the composites samples.

This research was conducted to determine content levels of heavy metal pollution. Samples taken from Ishaqi River bank and adjacent agricultural soils area, in ten sites, distributed along 48 km of the Ishaqi River, north Baghdad. The evaluated metals were Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Chromium, Cadmium, Vanadium and Lead. PH and Electric Conductivity (EC) were measured to evaluate the acidity and (EC). Results showed that most site were contaminated with metals evaluated. Among these metals, Zn, Mn, Fe and Ni were consistently higher in all the samples (both river bank and adjacent soil) followed by PB, CU, V, Cd, Co and Cr. The level concentrations of river bank were almost higher than that of adjacent soil. As will be reported later, the concentrations of Nickel, Zinc, Manganese and Iron in river bank and agricultural adjacent soil were over the permissible levels. The average mean levels were (Ni 66.36 mg/kg, Zn 42.59 mg/kg, Mn 26.78 mg/kg, Fe 25.15 mg/kg) in river bank and (Ni 46.31 mg/kg, Zn 33.06 mg/kg, Mn 20.78 mg/kg Fe 16.28 mg/kg) in agricultural adjacent soil. Overall, Nickel had the highest concentrations in the ecosystem.

New symmetrical Schiff base ligand (H2L) is prepared via condensation of hydrazine hydrate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde in ethanol solution at room temperature is reported . Polydentate mixed ligand complexes were obtained from 1:1:1 molar ratio reactions with metal ions and H2L, NA on reaction with MCl2 .nH2O salt yields complexes corresponding to the formulas [M(L)(NA)2] . All the complexes are air stable and soluble in water and common organic except benzene .All complexes are soluble in dimethyl formamide (DMF)and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. Comparison of the IR spectra of ligands(H2L) and (NA) and there metal complexes confirm that Schiff base behave as a dibasic tetradentate ligand towards the central metal ion with an ONNO donor sequence and nicotinamid . behave as unidentate . The ligands and their metal complexes were screened for their antimicrobial activity against four bacteria(gram +ve) and (gram -ve).

In this work, samples of pure polystyrene and polystyrene (PS) doped with (pomegranate peel) were prepared using casting method .The effect of addition of pomegranate peel (PP) concentration on optical properties of poly styrene have been studied in the wavelength range (200-800)nm. The absorption coefficient, energy gap, refractive index and extinction coefficient have been determined. The results show that the optical constants change with increase of PP concentration.

The structural and electronic properties of HfN from an electronic structure calculation have been presented. The calculation is performed using self-consistent tight binding linear muffin tin orbital (TB-LMTO) method within the local density approximation (LDA). The calculated equilibrium structural parameters are in good agreement with the available experimental results. It is found that this compound shows metallic behavior under ambient condition. The electronic structures of HfN in B1 phase are investigated. It is found that HfN have strong metallization and the hybridizations of atoms in B1 phase.

The energy levels have been calculated by using the nuclear shell model and adopting the surface delta interaction for the nuclei 34S, 34Ar and 34Cl with two additional nucleons which are located outside close core 32S. A comparison had been made between our theoretical predictions and the recent available experimental data . A reasonable agreement were obtained from these comparisons .

Kalman filtering is a multiple-input, multiple-output filter that can optimally estimate the states of a system, so it can be considered a suitable means for deformation analysis. The states are all the variables needed to completely describe the system behavior of the deformation process as a function of time (such as position, velocity etc.). The standard Kalman filter estimates the state vector where the measuring process is described by a linear system. While, in order to process a non-linear system an optimized aspect of Kalman filter is appropriate. Engineering Geodesy is the application of only geodetic methods for mapping certain geometric shape or of the topographic surface with respect to accurately define reference frame. Geodetic methods configure positions in Space with respect to the Earth and interpret the geodetic measurements in terms of a Euclidean Geometry. However Geodesy as discipline may unravel not only the geometric but also the kinematical and the physical nature of the Earth via geometric measures. At present, like in other Earth disciplines, Geodesy measurements depend on the dynamical and physical features of the Earth. One of the main issues of Engineering Geodesy is accurate prediction of value of structural deformation. Above storage Tank is like other deformable structure whose shape, form and safety is of interest to Engineering fields. The main purpose of structural deformation monitoring scheme and analysis is to detect any significant movements of the structure. Presented here is geodetic methods of determination of Velocity and Acceleration of deformable object in Time domain and predict deformation value using Kalman Filter. Analysis of the result indicated that there are correlations between the observed and the predicted deformation value for year 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2012 respectively.

In this work, the empirical formula derived by Chagok and Gyang (2012)in conjunction to the AAO-1979 rule was used to predict values for the monaural impairment and the hearing handicap for exposure to steady-state broad-band industrial noise. The predicted values for the monaural impairment and the hearing handicap increase with exposure levels and therefore support the Equal Energy Hypothesis (EEH). The values of the hearing handicap are always higher than the corresponding values of the monaural impairment. The values of the monaural impairment and the hearing handicap show that all the values increase with sound pressure level, exposure time and age and that values of the impairment and handicap could be obtained for sound pressure level of 70dBA if the table is expanded to consider entries for higher ages and more exposures.

The gravitational field potentials outside and inside a uniform massive ball were determined using the superposition principle, the method of retarded potentials and Lorentz transformations. The gravitational field strength, the torsion field, the energy and the momentum of the field, as well as the effective masses associated with the field energy and its momentum were calculated. It was shown that 4/3 problem existed for the gravitational field as well as in the case of the electromagnetic field.

Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis using a very low concentration of indium precursor. The spray process parameter like the concentration of SnO precursor in spray solution, have been optimized for obtaining optically transparent, structure and device-quality ITO films. The material properties are reported by studying the structural and optical properties of the ITO films prepared at a relatively lower temperature of 574K. The surface morphology has been studied by atomic force microscopy it was found ITO films have nanostructured. The grain size and the roughness of the films doping concentration 2%, 4% and 6% was (76, 87 and 127)nm and (0.969, 2.56 and 1.61)nm respectively. The concentration rate 2% produces an overall shift to lower photon energies of the optical constant spectra and the optical transmission of greater than 85%, which is related to the increase in electrical resistivity. Characterization of ITO on glass and silicon has shown that increasing the concentration rate will increase in the optical band gap of the ITO films. Samples deposited at doping concentration 2%, 4% and 6% the optical gaps of 3.74 eV, 3.9 eV and 3.73 eV respectively.

As watershed models become increasingly functional and useful, there is a need to extend their applicability to other locations to explore the possibility of calibrating and evaluating them in such new locations. This study used the “abcd” monthly water balance model for three catchments in different places in the United States in order to investigate the feasibility of this model in different regions. Although the regional calibration led to nearly perfect regional relationships between catchment model parameters and basin characteristics in catchments with little or no snow, practicality of this model in regions dominated by snow was questionable.

In this research , radon concentrations in drink water samples were measured in Kufa city – Iraq by using a technique called Durridge RAD7-H2O with closed loop. The studied sites on the map of Kufa city were determined by using GIS program. It was found that , the range of radon concentrations for the studied area between (3.9±0.0432- 226±8.876) Bq/m3, while the range of mean annual effective dose between (0.54834- 31.7756) μS.y-1. When the results were compared of radon concentrations with the internationally recommended reference levels (World health Organization limit 500 Bq/m3) and the mean effective annual dose for radon in drink water normal limits of world (1 mSv/y), there were no indications of existence of radon problems in the water sources in this survey. therefore the drinking water in Kufa city is safe as far as radon concentration is concerned.

The average concentration of the radioactivity in soil of Akoko area of Ondo State Nigeria, 20years after Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident have been, measured by means of a well-calibrated high-purity germanium detector. The photo-peaks observed with reliable regularity belonged to the naturally occurring series-decay radionuclides headed by 238U and 232Th as well as the non-series decay type 40K. Twenty years after the nuclear accident, 137CS was detected in all the sampled areas of Ondo State, with an average of 1.12±0.38 Bq kg-1, the time interval being two-third the 137Cs half life (30.2years). The mean activity concentration values of 39.24±1.12, 52.86±1.40 and 445.02±12.24 Bq kg-1 for 238U, 232Th and 40K respectively were obtained for the state.

The polymers have uses in many industries. The addition of electrolytes to the polymers are produced a new materials use in many applications. Hence, in this paper study the effect of potassium chloride on the optical properties of polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The potassium chloride was added to polymer with different concentrations. The samples were prepared by using casting technique. The optical properties were measured in the wavelength range (200-800) nm. The experimental results showed that the absorbance (A), absorption coefficient (α), extinction coefficient (k), refractive index (n), real and imaginary dielectric constants (ε1 and ε2) of polyvinyl pyrrolidone are increasing with the increase of the potassium chloride weight percentages. The energy gap (Eg) of polyvinyl pyrrolidone decreases with the increase of the potassium chloride weight percentages.

The proposed paper presents the analysis of electromagnetic waves meeting at a point in terms of their particle characteristics. The observation that light beams moves un-deviated when encountered at a point, which is commonly justified on the wave characteristics of light, is now presented as momentum and wavelength exchange phenomenon of photon collision. Theoretical and mathematical justification of photon’s inter-collision, on the basis of their quasi-point particle behavior is offered and the observation of the non-variation of wavelength of light beams is explained. Thus, the observation of light’s non-deviation at the crossing point is explained as momentum exchange phenomenon on the basis of particle characteristics of light.

In this study the law of classical mechanics for the corpuscular behavior of all entities in all interaction fields in nature is formulated. This law is applied to an entity of non-zero rest mass in the gravitational field of stationary homogeneous spherical body. The results are that the classical mechanical equation hence the solutions of motion for the entity contains terms of all orders of c- 2, the solution of motion for the entity predicts an anomalous orbital precession in perfect agreement with experiment and Einstein theory of general relativity.

The polymer composite used in the present study were made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a matrix and Iraqi egg shells as filler. Polymer composites were fabricated by mixing PVA with (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50) wt.% of egg shells powder by using a magnetic stirrer at temperature 900C for 4hr to obtain homogeneous solution then samples were prepared by casting techniques. The ultrasonic measurements (transmittance, absorption coefficient and relaxation amplitude, acoustic impedance, compressibility and compressibility) of composites were carried out by using ultrasound technique. Measurement of DC conductivity and coefficient of thermal conductivity were done as a function to wt. % of egg shells. It was found that the samples contain additives of eggshells 5%, 10%, 20% and 30%, the attenuation decreased by increasing frequency up to 40 KHz and then increased after this frequency; while the sample contains 15% of the eggshells, the attenuation not alter significantly with increasing frequency. Sample with 50 % egg shell has two peaks at 20 and 30 kHz. As can be seen that the samples which contain a proportion of eggshells 5, 10, 20, 25, 30 and 40%, the transmittance coefficient increases with increasing frequency up to 40 kHz and then decreases and relaxation amplitude decreases with increasing frequency from 5 to 50 KHz. Generally observed acoustic impedance decreases with increasing eggshells except percentage 20%, where the highest value for the impedance. Compressibility generally increases with increasing of eggshells up to 40 % and then decreases. The electrical conductivity increase as concentrations of egg shells increase up to 30 % then conductivity decreases at 40 % then increases slightly at 50 %. It was found that coefficient of thermal conductivity increases with increasing of egg shells up to 40 % then decreases.

The structural and electronic properties of NdBi from an electronic structure calculation have been presented. The calculation is performed using self-consistent tight binding linear muffin tin orbital (TB-LMTO) method within the local density approximation (LDA). The calculated equilibrium structural parameters are in good agreement with the available experimental results. It is found that this compound shows metallic behavior under ambient condition and undergoes a structural phase transition from the NaCl structure to the CsCl structure at the pressure 20.1 GPa. The electronic structures of NdBi under pressure are investigated. It is found that NdBi have metalliation and the hybridizations of atoms in NdBi under pressure become stronger.

Some of physical properties of BaCl2 dissolves in distilled water had been studied at different concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25% and 0.3%) (gm./ml) before and after adding (0.3)gm of CuCl2 for all concentrations , the mechanical properties such as ultrasonic velocity had been measured by ultrasonic waves system at frequency 25 KHz, other mechanical properties had been calculated such as absorption coefficient of ultrasonic waves, relaxation time, relaxation amplitude, specific acoustic impedance, compressibility and bulk modules. The results show that all these properties are increasing with the increase of the polymer concentration except compressibility is decreasing with the increase of the concentration; results show that when adding CuCl2 these properties are increasing except compressibility is decreasing. Results also shows that adding CuCl2 to BaCl2 enhances the ultrasonic absorption coefficient as a result of high values after addition.

The structural and mechanical properties of alkaline earth oxides mixed compound MgxSr1-xO (0 ≤ x ≥ 1) have been investigated under high pressure. Phase transition pressures are associated with a sudden collapse in volume. Phase transition pressure and associated volume collapses [ΔV (Pt)/V(0)] calculated from this approach are in good agreement with experiment for the end point members (x=0 and x=1). The results for the mixed crystal counter parts are also in fair agreement with experimental data generated from the application of Vegard’s law to data for the end point members.

A key component of the Millennium Development Goals is a call to halve by the year 2015 the proportion of persons without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation in developing nations. This paper reports a study of the terrestrial radioactivity around Aluu landfill in Obiakpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Measurements were carried out in the North, South, East and West directions of the Aluu landfill. An in- situ measurement was done using two well calibrated nuclear radiation meters (Radalert-100 and Digilert-50) and a geographical positioning system (GPS). Ten readings were taken in each direction of the landfill at intervals of ten (10) meters away from the landfill making a total of forty (40) sampling points. The mean site radiation levels all the four cardinal points ranges from 0.0123 0.0026 mR/hr (1.034mSv/y) to 0.0151± 0.0012mR/h (1.270mSv/y). The equivalent dose has an average value range of 1.001mSv/y to 1.270mSv/y which is slightly above the recommended dose limit of 1.0mSv/y for the general public. Comparison of the measured radiation level of site locations with the normal background levels show 21 locations representing 53% of the sampled area exceed the normal background level of 0.013mR/h. This study indicates that there is no immediate radiological health hazard for the general public, however there may be long-term health challenges.

A 2D RZ VENTURE model has been developed for the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1) and this model was used to perform neutronic analysis for the system using the code “VENTURE-PC”. The major homogenized regions in the 2D VENTURE model include the active fuel region and the control region while the remaining components in the system geometry where modelled as closely as possible. The reactor physics parameters generated from the neutronic calculations include excess reactivity, control rod worth, shim worth, shutdown margin. The model predictions of these parameters for NIRR-1 system were in good agreement with experimental results as well as the results from similar calculations using different nuclear analysis tools. This 2D RZ VENTURE model gives an excellent simulation of the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 and the model will be very helpful in the future analysis of the system, as well for developing an LEU core model for future conversion of NIRR-1 from HEU to LEU fuelled research reactor.

The adsorption ability of Iraqi initiated calcined granulated montmorillonite to adsorb Symmetrical Schiff Base Ligand 4,4’-[hydrazine-1, 2-diylidenebis (methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)) bis (2-methoxyphenol)] derived from condensation reaction of hydrazine hydrate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, from aqueous solutions has been investigated through columnar method.The ligand (H2L) adsorption found to be dependent on adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and contact time.All columnar experiments were carried out at three different pH values (5.5, 7and 8) using buffer solutions at flow rate of (3 drops/ min.),at room temperature (25±2)°C. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations. The monolayer adsorption capacity is 5.7347 mg ligand (L) per 1g calcined Montmorillonite. The experiments showed that highest removal rate 75.70 % for ligand (L) at pH 7.The kinetic data for the adsorption process obeyed pseudo-second-order rate equations.

Tigris River is one of the main important surface water resources in Iraq. This necessitates continuous study of its quality . The present study is concerned with the characteristics and quality of Tigris water passing through in Baghdad city. (eight) samples were collected from the river in the area Grea't City. The study periods were carried over four season, which has been sampled once represent the every season. First sampling 12-11-2012 represent the autumn season The second sampling 20-1-2013 to represent the winter season. The third in 25-3- 2013 to represent the Springer season. The fourth during 29-5-2013 to represent the summer spring season. In order to specify the water quality, a group of physical and chemical analyses have been conducted. The physical measurements included the temperature, and the Specific electrical Conductance while the chemical analyses included measuring the pH , hardness , Salinity, alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids(TDS) , and total suspended solids (TSS),Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD ) and measuring the quantity of greases and oils via the gravimetric methods. The chemical analyses also included measuring the anions such as the (Sulphate (SO4 -2), phosphate (pO4 -3) and Nitrate (NO3 -) by using the techniques of the UV – VIS Spectrophotometer.In order to identify the main cations in the water , the concentration of K+2,Ca+2 and Mg+2 were measured . The above mentioned analyses varied from using the classical chemical analyses such as titration as in measuring the [Cl- , (HCO3 – ,Ca+2 ,Mg+2 ]Ions.Owing to the importance of assessing the trace and heavy metals in water due to their direct effect on human health and reliability, metals were measured; Flame Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure the metals . Also, The correlation coefficients between the quality parameter pairs of the river water samples were calculated in order to indicate the nature and the sources of the polluting substances.all results are not matched with the values of national (Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control) and international except(pH &E.C.) but (HCO3 – &Mg+2 ,Ca+2 ) and heavy metals where matched in some station and not in others.

The nonlinear optical properties of an azo dye (1.8-Dihydroxy-naphthalin-3, 6 disulfonic acid- [2- (4-azo)]- N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-benzene sulfonamide) are studied by using z-scan and diffraction ring technique with continuous wave (cw) laser at a wavelength of 532 nm. The obtained results for the nonlinear refractive index , 2 n , and the thermo-optic coefficients , dn / dT , are found to be of the order of 10−8 Wcm-2 and 10−6 K-1 respectively. The transmitted beam profiles, the distribution of intensity corresponding to the sample positions and D- distribution of rings number of each pattern variation for the azo dye samples have been studied. These results indicate that the azo dye is a promising candidate for applications in nonlinear optical devices.

Gold-Silica nanocomposite thin films were prepared by RF-magnetron sputtering technique on glass substrate at room temperature. Subsequent thermal treatment was used to promote nanocluster formation. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and optical absorption spectroscopy. After annealing, an increase of size accompanied by an increase of the lattice constant parameter is observed. A value of the surface stress coefficient of gold is f = 3.20 N/m has been obtained. Broad band absorption, with maximum absorbance at around 500 nm, characteristic of gold nanoclusters was observed after heat treatment. Experimental optical absorption spectra were modeled by the modified Mie theory. The plasmon peak red shift obtained from the simulation curves is compared to the calculated one from the variation of lattice constant parameter.

We investigate the effect of parallelizable property on supergravity equations of motion, therefore we will extract the exact solutions of Conformal Liouville Theory from D=10 Parallelizable IIB

Measurement of noise sound pressure levels in food processing industries, a social survey to determine the extent to which the workers were disturbed by the noise in the same industries, in Jos, were carried out. In all the industries, only one had equivalent continuous noise level below 85dBA. The results of the physical measurements showed that the noise was predominantly broad-band, continuous and steady state. Noisiness and perceived noise levels were obtained from the results of the physical measurements. The result showed that perceived noise levels were not more than 2dB higher than their corresponding equivalent continuous noise levels implying that the human ear perceives noise (2 dB maximally) higher than that measured by a sound level meter on A-weighting scale. For noise levels at 90dB and above small increase would result to higher noisiness increase. However, noise level and perceived noise level have continuous and steady dependence at all values. The correlation coefficient for noise rating and perceived noise level ϒ1=0.8599, and the correlation coefficient for noise annoyance and perceived noise levels ϒ1=0.8892, both showing strong positive correlations between objective and subjective assessment of noise.

The effects of vibration (longitudinal &transverse) on thermal imaging for truncated object target are considered, a conventional thermal camera and a Mathcad program to reconstruct the Bar Spread Function (BSF) degraded because vibration of target .A aerial photography is used as application in imaging the target ,results indicates that even low amplitude vibration greatly affects the predicted target detection.

The structural, electronic, elastic, mechanical and thermal properties of transition metal aluminides (CoAl, NiAl and RuAl) have been investigated systematically using first principle density functional theory (DFT). Ground state properties such as lattice constant (a0), bulk modulus (B) and its pressure derivative (B′) are calculated which show well agreement with the experimental and other theoretical results. The electronic properties have been analyzed quantitatively. The values of elastic constants are also reported. The ductility of these compounds has been analyzed using the Pugh’s rule, Cauchy’s pressure (C12-C44) and electronic structure. Our calculated results indicate that NiAl is ductile while CoAl and RuAl are brittle. The elastic properties such as Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio (σ) and anisotropic ratio (A) are also reported. We have also correlated the ductility and bonding behaviour of these compounds.

Composite materials are used in many industries such: solar cells, optoelectronic device elements, light emitting diodes, aircraft, military and car industry. In this paper, effect of potassium chloride on physical and optical properties of polystyrene has been studied to use the new material in many applications. The physical properties showed that the absorption of composite to water increases with increase time of the submerging in the water. Also, diffusion coefficient increases with increase the potassium chloride concentrations. The optical properties was measured in wavelength range from 200nm to 800nm. The experimental results showed that absorbance of polystyrene increases with increase the potassium chloride concentrations. The optical constants (absorption coefficient, energy band gap, extinction coefficient, refractive index and real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants) are increasing with increase the potassium chloride concentrations.

In this research are used two types of detectors scintillation NaI(Tl) sizes (2"x2") ,(1"x1.5")for a comparative study between them and are used source of radioactive cobalt Co-60 has two energy (1.33&1.73 MeV) and calculating the total area of the spectrum space scattering and area of peak optical and portability energy analysis, found the size large for crystal detector leads to probability escape photons outside the crystals to be less because it can reveal again and recorded pulse with pulse recorded by the electron apostate so increase the value of portability energy analysis, and increase the volume of detectors cause increased probability for scattering Compton ,In other words the increase in the probability of interaction effect photoelectric be less than the increase in the probability of interaction scattering Compton so the Net Area under the peak at less an increase of scattering spectrum.

The conduction band discontinuity or spike in an abrupt heterojunction p+ GaAs / NAl0.4 Ga0.6As solar cell can hinder the separation of hole-electron by electric field. This paper analyzes the GaAs /AlxGa1-xAs/Al0.4Ga0.6As based solar cell performance by AMPS-1D numerical modeling. The affect of graded band gap region in the interface between the emitter (GaAs) and base (Al0.4Ga0.6As) on the solar cell’s performance is investigated. Among the factors studied are thickness of graded band gap region, thickness of emitter layer of the cells. In this study, a width 0.14μm has been required to eliminate the spike and improved the performance of solar cell.

A piezoelectric thin film sandwiched between two metal electrodes is basic structure for high frequency bulk acoustic wave devices. For that propose, the RF magnetron sputtering deposition for piezoelectric ZnO film formation and its such application for film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) devices are presented. Several critical parameters of the RF magnetron sputtering process deposition pressure, RF power, substrate temperature, O2 concentration and the target to substrate distance were determined to clarify their effects on the material characteristics of the ZnO. Highly c-axis oriented thin films as thick as 5.7 μm were grown and analyzed. Compressive stresses were observed. The FBAR devices with the ZnO films exhibited a pronounced resonance peak centred at 537 MHz with a k2 coupling coefficient of 7 %. It found therefore that the impedance matching of the FBAR could be easily achieved simply by controlling the resonance the resonator.

This paper aimed at determining the ionization energies of some one-electron (hydrogen-like) atoms/ions and some two-electron (helium-like) atoms/ions. The Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC)-CASINO code or package was utilized in the computation, employing the Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) and Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) methods. The calculated values obtained were in close agreement with literature values.

In this paper some microphysical and optical properties of urban aerosols were extracted from OPAC to determine the effect of hygroscopic growth at the spectral range of 0.25μm to 2.5μm and eight relative humidities (RHs) (0, 50, 70, 80, 90, 95, 98, and 99%). The microphysical properties extracted were radii, volume mix ratio, number mix ratio and mass mix ratio as a function of RH while the optical properties are scattering and absorption coefficients and asymmetric parameters. Using the microphysical properties, growth factors of the mixtures were determined while using optical properties we determined the enhancement parameters and were then parameterized using some models. We observed that the data fitted the models very well. The angstrom coefficients which determined the particles’ sizes distribution increases with the increase in RHs except at the delinquent point where it decreases with the increase in RHs. The mixture was determined to have bimodal type of distribution with the dominance of fine mode particles.

Determining the quality of the hazy image is difficult problem, thus these images need to analyzing after determined the quality or dehazing. In this paper, we analyzed the hazy(by the dust) images depending on YIQ color space. First we designed the system captured images which graded for high to very low hazy (by adding the dust) by using HeNe laser, in these images we calculated the Normalize Mean Square error (NMSE) for each components in YIQ and RGB color space, and the basic components in the Structure Similarity Index (SSIM) are (contrast, structure and luminance) moreover the mean for all has been calculated. We can see the lightness (in YIQ) and luminance ( in SSIM) component are not effected by the dust whereas the chromatic components are highly effected by the dust.

The potential energy barrier height, depletion layer thickness and junction capacitance properties of a microstructure GaN Schottky diode as a microwave frequency sensor have been estimated at extreme temperature (300 – 950K), under applied external bias (0 – 20V) by computational method based on the analytical expression obtained by the application of rule of thumb on the existing energy gap of n-GaN and existing solutions (depletion thickness and capacitance) of Poisson’s equation. The results of the calculation shown that the barrier height decreases as the temperature increases, but abrupt increase in the barrier height was observed as the temperature continues to increase above 900K. This behaviour may be linked to thermal stability demonstrated by n-GaN Schottky diode at high temperature. Also, the depletion thickness decreases as the temperature increases and the capacitance decreases as the bias increases. The decrease of the capacitance is much at high temperature under the same applied bias condition. The GaN Schottky diode can be employed as microwaves frequency sensor at very high temperature.

Today, cell phone technology is an integral part of everyday life and its use is not only restricted to voice conversations but also conveying news, high resolution pictures and internet. As the number of mobile phone usage increased exponentially nowadays, issues related to the electromagnetic radiation produce by mobile phone is becoming a big concern in the society. Mobile phone produced electromagnetic waves and when placed near the ear skull, will produce electromagnetic radiation so called thermal effect. The transfer of electromagnetic field to the body producing thermal effect leads to heating of body tissue at specific rate. This effect is differ depending on the period of time the mobile phone being used and type of mobile phone. This paper discussed on the result of thermal distribution generated by handheld mobile phone towards human head via collection of image from thermal imaging camera. The analysis is conducted in an anechoic chamber with average of 45 minutes talking hour with two different types of mobile phone, internal and external antenna serving different radio frequency range, 900 MHz and 1800 MHz . The results showed an increased of heat especially at the place near the ear skull after 45 minutes of operation. When comparing both different types of mobile phone, mobile phone with external antenna produce more heat compared to mobile phone with internal antenna.

The HEC/ZnO and HEC/TiO2 composite membranes were prepared by a sol-gel casting method. In order to evaluate some physical properties of HEC/TiO2 and HEC/ZnO composites the ultrasonic measurements were performed for the samples at room temperature (298.15 K.) with frequency (35KHz), these properties are ultrasonic velocity, compressibility, bulk modulus, absorption coefficient, relaxation amplitude, transmittance, relaxation time and viscosity. It was found that there is significant relationship between ultrasonic velocity and material properties also results show that adding ZnO and TiO2 effect on densities which were responsible for the ultrasonic wave’s absorption inside the composites which effected also on the transmittance and reduce velocity.

In this research, many samples have been prepared by adding CoCl2 to the poly vinyl alcohol and poly vinyl pyrrolidon with different weight percentages (o, 3, 6 and 9) wt%.The effect of cobalt chloride concentration on the D.C electrical properties have been investigated. Results showed that the D.C electrical conductivity of such composites increased with increasing of weight percentages of CoCl2, and the activation energy changed with increasing of filler concentration, as well as the effect of addition cobalt chloride on optical properties of poly vinyl alcohol and poly vinyl pyrrolidon have been studied. The absorbance has been recorded in the wavelength (200-1100) nm, also the absorption coefficient, real and imaginary dielectric constant, energy gap, extinction coefficient and refractive index have been determined.

We The structural, electronic and mechanical properties of binary B2 – type CsCl structured intermetallic compounds of Ag (ReAg, Re= Y, La, Pr and Er) have been studies systematically by means of first principles density functional theory within generalized gradient approximation. Ground state properties such as lattice constant (a0), bulk modulus (B) and its pressure derivative (B′) are obtained. The present results are in good agreement with the experimental and other theoretical calculation available. Amongst all the Intermetallics is found ErAg to be most ductile due to the presence of strong metallic bonding.

Conductive polymer composites have been widely used in industrial applications, such as biomedical devices , self-heating materials, electrostatic dissipation and over current protectors. This paper investigate the study of the effects of Chloro Pentaammine Cobalt(III) Chloride complexes on Electrical properties of polyvinyl alcohol. samples were prepared using casting technique. The experimental Results show that the electrical conductivity of polyvinyl alcohol is increased with increasing the weight percentages of Chloro Pentaammine Cobalt(III) Chloride complexes and temperature. The activation energy of D.C electrical conductivity is decreased with increase of Chloro Pentaammine Cobalt(III) Chloride complexes concentration.

The aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic mechanical characteristics of HIV/AIDS in the human blood circulating system. In this work, we developed a constitutive carrier wave equation which we used as a solution to a second-order differential equation. It seems from the results, that the physical dynamic components of the HIV responsible for their destructive tendency are bl , n¢l , e ¢l and k ¢l with l as a raising multiplier, whose physical range of interest is 0 £ l £ 19332. It is established in this study that when the HIV enters the human blood circulating system, it takes about 73 days before its absolute effects would begin to manifest. This study revealed that AIDS actually results when these destructive dynamic components of the HIV gradually become equal to their corresponding active dynamic components in the human blood circulating system. This is when 19234 £ l £ 19332and the time it takes the HIV infection to degenerate to AIDS is about 8years (96months). The constitutive carrier wave equation that describes the biological system of man finally goes to zero – a phenomenon called death, when the multiplier approaches the critical value of 19332 and the time it takes to attain this value is about 12 years (144 months).

In this study, we analyse the effects of thermal radiation on unsteady natural convective flow of a nanofluid past an impulsively started infinite vertical plate. The nanofluid contains heat treatable nickel chromium iron alloy (Nimonic 80A) nanoparticles with Ethylene Glycol as base fluid. The partial differential equations governing the flow are solved numerically by MATALB pde solver package. The effects of various parameters on velocity and temperature profiles, as well as Nusselt number and Skin friction coefficient are examined and presented graphically .It is found that rate of heat transfer increases by increase in thermal radiation and change of particle shape. Also we observed that the decrease in radiation parameter leads to fall the value of skin friction coefficient. Shape of nanoparticles doesn’t effects velocity of the fluid.

An analysis study for optical constants of PS-CuO2 thin films has been studied. The effect of doping percentage of CuO2 to polystyrene films onthe optical properties concluded from absorption and transmission measurements by using UV-VIS absorption spectrophotometer in the wavelength range (200-900nm).The refractive index (n), and extinction coefficient (k) have been evaluated experimentally and theoretically. Theoretical equation for refractive index (n) is:- y = And estimated theoretical equation for extinction coefficient (k) is:- This was achieved by making fitting curves for all practical data using [Table curve 2D, version 5.01] program.This helps us to estimate a good similar data between experimental and theoretical results, and estimate any data that is not taken experimentally.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used for medical applications, because it ability to convert as colloidal solution, have no interaction with biotic tissue, low toxicity, easy in the detection, and thermally stabile. This study focuses on the treatment of prostate cancer by interaction the gamma ray (6 MeV) with Gold nanoparticles, without the extirpation of prostate. This method occurs in a minimum dose given for the patient for the improvement of radiotherapy that is used in prostate cancer treatment by depended on pair production phenomenon.

In this paper, the author investigated some microphysical and optical properties of urban aerosols from OPAC by varying the concentrations of soot and water soluble to determine the effect of hygroscopic growth at the spectral range of 0.25μm to 2.5μm and eight relative humidities (RHs) (0, 50, 70, 80, 90, 95, 98, and 99%).The microphysical properties extracted were radii, volume mix ratio, number mix ratio, mass mix ratio and refractive indices while the optical properties are optical depth and asymmetric parameters all as a function of RHs. Using the microphysical properties, hygroscopic growth factors of the mixtures were determined while using optical depths we determined the Angstrom coefficients, enhancement parameters and the relationship between optical depth and RHs. The growth factors and the enhancement parameters were then parameterized using some models to determine their relationships with RHs. The data fitted the models very well. The angstrom coefficients show that the mixture have bimodal type of distribution with the dominance of fine mode particles and the mode sizes increase with the increase in RH and soot and water soluble concentrations.

The polymers have many uses in industries. The addition of electrolytes to the polymers are produced a new materials use in many applications. Hence, in this paper study the effect of ZrO3 on the electrical and mechanical properties of PMMA – Cr2O3 with concentrations (1, 5, 10, 15, 20) % gm/ mole at room temperature. ZrO3 was added to polymer with amount weight of (0, 3, 6, 9, 12) wt% added to the polymer. The mechanical properties were measured by using ultrasound technique with frequency (26kHz), show that the relaxation amplitude, relaxation time, velocity, as well as bulk modulus of polymer are increasing with the increment of ZrO3 weight percentages. The compressibility of PMMA – Cr2O3 decreases with the increment of ZrO3 weight percentages. The electrical properties measurement of PMMA – Cr2O3 show that the electrical conductivity is increased with increment of ZrO3 weight percentages and both of molar conductivity and degree of dissociation are decreased with increment of ZrO3 weight percentages.

The solution of Schrodinger equations for q-deformed modified Poschl-Teller and hyperbolic Scarf II potentials are investigated using Nikiforov-Uvarov method and a mapping method. By applying a translation of spatial variable non-deformed potentials are mapped on to deformed potential or vice versa and as a product the potential’s parameters scaling obtained. The bound state energy spectra obtained using NU method are given in the close form and the corresponding wave functions are formulated in terms of the Jacobi Polynomials. The energy spectra and the radial wave functions of the system are also produced by a mapping using potential’s parameters scaling from the non-deformed to the deformed potential.

In this study the effect of methyl cellulose on the properties of aqueous solutions including density, viscosity and electrical conductivity have been investigated at (293K.), different type of viscosity and electrical properties were measured for polyvinyl alcohol dissolved in distilled water of different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7% and 0.8%)gm./ml before and after adding (1and 2 ) gm. of methyl cellulose for all concentrations. The shear viscosity, relative viscosity, specific viscosity, reduced viscosity, intrinsic viscosity and Viscosity Average Molecular weight are measured, all the viscosities depend on density and concentration, The results show that all these properties are increasing with the increase of the polymer concentration before and after adding MC , Results also shows that adding MC polymer to PVA enhances the conductivity, the conductivity measured at room temperature (293 K.), then the molar conductivity and degree of dissociation were calculated and it depending on the values of density, concentration and type of solute_ solvent .

The coexistent of superconductivity (SC) with antiferromagnetism (AFM) and ferromagnetism (FM) as U →∞ is studied in CeCu2Si2 on application of the Exact Diagonalization technique to the Single site Impurity Anderson Model and the Periodic Anderson Model. The results obtained show that magnetic instability is the key to understanding superconductivity in Heavy Fermion compounds as increasing the onsite coulomb repulsion, U, suppresses all ferromagnetic tendencies and enhances superconductivity. The results obtained here is in qualitative agreement with the inelastic neutron scattering experimental results obtained by Stockert et al (2011) on increasing the copper content in CeCu2Si2. U in this theoretical study behaves as Cu in the inelastic neutron scattering experiment.

Microwave and Millimeter wave integrated circuits (MICs) have experienced a tremendous growth over the last 50 years. Microstrip line is one of the popular lines in these MICs. Due to the layout necessities, an electromagnetic wave that propagates down a microstrip line may encounter discontinuities such as T-junctions, Bends and vias. A simulation model is presented here for analysing these discontinuities in microstrips through Sonnet Software. The parameters of microstrip lines are determined from the empirical formulae which are based on full wave analysis. The simulation work has been performed on Alumina substrate. The discontinuities are simulated and compensated which gives important results for designing high frequency microwave circuits.

Polymer composite of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), nickel nitrate have been prepared by solution cast method for different doping concentrations of nickel nitrate. The optical characterization has been done by analyzing the absorption spectra in the spectral region 200–800 nm. It was found that the optical energy gap decreases with increasing NiNO3 content. The refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), static dielectric constant have been calculated for the investigated films. The optical constants are changing with increase the weight percentages of nickel nitrate.

The design of future-generation mobile communication systems depends critically on the pathloss prediction methods and their suitability to various signal propagation regions. An accurate estimation of radio pathloss is useful for predicting coverage areas of base stations, frequency assignments, determination of electric field strength, interference analysis, handover optimization, and power level adjustment. The radio path loss will also affect other elements such as the required receiver sensitivity, the form of transmission used and several other factors. As a result, it is necessary to understand the reasons for radio path loss, and to be able to determine the levels of the signal loss for a given radio path. In this paper, we investigated the radio signal path attenuation behavior, by conducting an experimental measurement survey in a UMTS network transmitting at 2100MHz band in Government Reservation Area (GRA), Benin City. The measured field strength data collected at various distances from the base stations was used to estimate the pathloss. Firstly, the effect of different parameters, such as distance from base stations was studied and it is observed that path loss increases with distance from the signal source due to a corresponding decrease in field strength. Secondly, the calculated pathloss data have been compared with data from other existing pathloss prediction methods. We find that the Okumura-Hata model pathloss values were closest of all the propagation models considered classifying the environment into consideration. Thus, the performance of Okumura-Hata model shows its suitability for path attenuation loss prediction in UMTS networks in GRA.

The orthonormal annular ellipse Zernike polynomials are important for wavefront analysis of annular ellipse aperture (elliptical aperture with an elliptical obscuration) for their property of orthgonalization over such aperture and representing balanced aberration. In this paper, the relationship between the Zernike annular ellipse polynomials and third order Siedel aberrations were studied. Then the standard deviations of balanced and unbalanced primary aberrations have been calculated for this aperture.

The structural, electronic, elastic, optical and thermodynamical properties of the ordered SiGe, SiSn and GeSn cubic alloy in zinc-blende (B3) structure are investigated using the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential based on the first principles density functional theory (DFT).The ground state properties such as the lattice parameter, bulk modulus, energy derivative, elastic constants Cij, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and the Zener anisotropy factor were calculated. The results are in favorable agreement with a previous work. The complex dielectric function, refractive index, extinction coefficient, complex conductivity function, energy loss spectrum, absorption coefficient and optical reflectivity were calculated and the peak position distributions of imaginary parts of the complex dielectric function are explained. The calculated elastic properties are consistent with other calculated results and predicted the Debye temperature, the isochoric heat capacity, the entropy, enthalpy and free energy.

Since more than three centuries ago the classical theory Created equations of accelerated motion, then the theory of relativity came and explained that the classical theory gives erroneous results at very high speeds, But also the special relativity there are no equations of accelerated motion at high speeds too, The equations of this movement remains missing to this days, Today we are finding these equations according to the study previously submitted (II Bulletin) by IISTE.

Nanocomposites are used in many industries such: solar cells, light emitting diodes, optoelectronic device, aircraft and cars. This paper is aimed to preparation of (PVA-CNTs) nanocomposites to using the new materials in many industries. Using the nanocomposites in these applications need to study the electrical, optical and mechanical properties which investigated in this paper. The samples of nanocomposites are prepared by using casting technique with different concentrations of carbon nanotubes. The optical properties of nanocomposites are measured in the wavelength range (200-800) nm. The results showed that the absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index and real and imaginary dielectric constant of nanocomposites are increasing with increase the carbon nanotubes concentrations. The D.C electrical properties of (PVA-CNTs) nanocomposites are studied in the range of temperature (from 500C to 800C). The results found the electrical conductivity is increased with increasing the carbon nanotubes concentration and temperature. The activation energy is decrease with increasing the weight percentages of carbon nanotubes. Also, the mechanical properties of (PVA-CNTs) are investigated. Results showed that velocity of ultrasonic wave, specific acoustic impedance, bulk modulus and compressibility change with increase the concentration of carbon nanotubes.

This paper deals main physical processes arising during phase change have been investigated. The heat exchange within a single phase, many engineering technologies involve multiphase systems. Hence the problems dealing with phase change is the movement of phase interface with the release with the absorption of latent heat at this interface. The problems are highly nonlinear and thermophysical properties are typically different on each side of the phase interface. Therefore, analytical solutions are available only for a limited class of one-dimensional problems- pure materials or fluids in infinite or semi-infinite domains. In the present paper we demonstrate phase change heat transfer in pure liquids and materials as well as multicomponent systems. The multiphase systems have (i.e., solid, liquid, or gas phase) including one or more components. Although the governing equations vary for each type of multiphase system (i.e solidliquid, liquid-gas, etc.,), the overall features of the physical and mathematical models are analogous. Theses continuum models are based on a mixture formulation or an interface tracking formulation. In the mixture approach, the control volume consists of a homogeneous mixture encompassing both (or all) phases. Mixture of interface tracking formulations are demonstrated in this studies.

The envisaged revolutionary impact of the quantum computer has continued to elucidate diverse means to design and build physical quantum computers. In condensed matter physics, one of the means is to design materials to host twoelectron quantum dots (QDs) which can be manipulated into singlet-triplet (S-T) transition. This transition which is read as the quantum bits (qubits) that is considered as a possible logic gate for the quantum computers is enhanced by external magnetic field which is a potential source of decohenrence. In the study here therefore, the possibility of using a superexchange induced internal magnetic field to drive the S-T transition in QDs embedded in a kagome lattice system (KLS) is examined. The design is by embedding the two-electron QDs into the frustrated sites of the KLS and then filling the other sites with single electrons. The parameter space of this KLS to achieve the S-T in the QDs array are obtained from the superexchange interaction in correlated variational study of the system.

The ab-initio calculations were performed to investigate structural, electronic, thermal and elastic properties of the binary ductile intermetallic compounds PdSc and PtSc with B2 (CsCl-type) structure using full potential linear augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW) on the basis of density functional theory (DFT).The generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA and WC-GGA) is applied for PdSc and PtSc. The calculated equilibrium properties such as lattice constant (a0), bulk modulus (B) and its first derivative (B') are in better agreement with experimental and theoretical results. The elastic constants (C11, C12 and C44) of these compounds are reported first time. The value of B/GH ratio for both the compounds are larger than 1.75, indicating the ductile manner of these materials. From density of states and Band structure, it is observed that these intermetallic compounds are metallic in nature. We report first time mechanical and thermal properties which are predicted from the calculated values of elastic constants.

In this work, five molecules are optimized at B3LYP/6-31G** density functional theory. Benzene molecule was a reference. Electronic properties of azabenzene molecules were investigated depending on the three parameters (B3LYP) density functional theory. The best geometry for all molecules were investigated using (6-31G**) basis sets. The total energies, energy gaps, ionization potentials, electron affinities by use adiabatic and koopman methods . Adding CN cluster atoms in different position for the less Eg (pyridazine)molecular leads to decrease the energy gap in the second position comparison with the pyridazine molecular.

Theoretical studies on some aromatic rings included the pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine and pyridazine molecules were performed using DFT. Based on B3LYP with 6-31(d, p)basis sets was used to investigate the effect of different position of nitrogen atom on the electronic and structure properties of benzene. The optimized structure, total energies, electronic states, energy gaps, ionization potentials, electron affinities, chemical potential, global hardness, softness, global electrophlicity, dipole moment and dipole polarizability were calculated. The harmonic vibration frequencies calculated and compared with available experimental data. The results showed a decrease in gap energies and improve the electronic properties.

The absence of core electrons in pseudopotential electronic structure calculations poses some important problems on determining the topology of density. The key feature of valence-only densities is the lack of critical points (CPs) at the nuclear positions affected by core removal, which are sometimes substituted by local minimum CPs, the substitution of a maximum by a minimum must be necessarily accompanied by the creation of other compensating CPs, including at least either one maximum or one ring CP. As density is relatively unaffected at distance points far enough the removed cores, these new CPs are expected to lie in the proximity of the latter, and the topology of density to closely resemble that of the AE density in the chemically relevant valence regions. This difficulty is well-known in literature, and several works have been devoted to elucidate how to bypass it (Cioslowski and Piskorz, 1996). The correct topologies may be obtained from corereconstructed pseudo-AE densities. This paper will show how the correct topology can be obtained from pseudopotential calculations. In order to analyze the problems that arise from the core electrons, results obtained for Alanine (CH3CH (NH2) COOH), Aminophenol (C6H4 (OH) NH2), Ethene (C2H4), and Propanone ((CH3)2CO) using all-electron, pseudo-valence wavefunctions are reported.

Negative dispersion curves in a typical type of high negative chromatic dispersion photonic crystal fiber(PCF) have been investigated in this paper. The depended class of (PCF) has double-core structure (coreregion: which has inner core and outer core) with a honeycomb photonic lattice in the cladding region. Negative dispersion curves deviated from core-region of this type of fibers will be investigated. The investigation has depended an estimation process using an approximation function to create a mathematical model that enables us to measure negative dispersion curves. The influence of inner-core parameters (dcore d1 and d2) on dispersion curves has been investigated by varying the values of these parameters. Negative dispersion curves that were introduced by a previous study using finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD)method for this class of(PCFs) are directly included in this work in order to measure matching ratio with our results. Gaussian approximation function has been considered to estimate our mathematical model.

Some of physical properties of polyvinyl alcohol dissolves in distilled water had been studied at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% , 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%) gm./ml) before and after adding (1and 2 ) gm of MC for all concentrations , the mechanical properties such as ultrasonic velocity had been measured by ultrasonic waves system at frequency 25 KHz, other mechanical properties had been calculated such as absorption coefficient of ultrasonic waves, relaxation time, relaxation amplitude, specific acoustic impedance, compressibility and bulk modules. The results show that all these properties are increasing with the increase of the polymer concentration except compressibility is decreasing with increase the concentration; results show that when adding MC these properties are increasing except compressibility is decreasing. Results also shows that adding MC polymer to PVA enhances these properties as a result of high values after addition.

Composites consisting of a polyvinyl alcohol matrix and BaSO4.5H2O as filler are designed. The optical properties were measured in the wavelength range from (190-850) nm. The experimental results showed that the absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index and real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants are increasing with increase the addition of BaSO4.5H2O content.

The present study reveals the high pressure phase transition and associated volume collapse of SmBi which crystallize in NaCl (B1) structure. To achieve the goal we have used the modified three body interaction potential model (TBIPM) which is applying probably the first time for any compounds in high pressure model study. These interactions arise due to the electron shell deformation of the overlapping ions in the crystals. During phase transition there is an intermediate tetragonal phase which can be viewed as distorted CsCl (B2) structure and finally it transforms to CsCl (B2) phase. The values of phase transition pressure and associated volume collapse estimated by us are found to be well suited with experimental values. Thus our modified TBIPM is in good agreement with available measured data of SmBi.

The present paper is aimed to modification of the optical properties of poly-vinyl alcohol and poly-ethylene glycol with different concentrations of ( NiNO3). The absorption and transmission spectra have been recorded in the wavelength range (200-800)nm . The absorption coefficient and energy gap of the indirect allowed and forbidden transition have been determined, Also, extinction coefficient, index coefficient, real and imaginary part of dielectric constant have been calculated.

Theoretical studies on Nono hydroxyl azulene molecules group in different positions were performed using DFT. Based on B3LYP with 6-31(d,p)basis set was used to investigate the effect of different position of hydroxyl(electron–withdrawing groups) on the electronic and structural properties of Nano hydroxyl azulene molecules.The optimized orientation and optimized parameters show that these stractures have nano dimensions comfared with the original molecule, The optimized structure, total energies, electronic states, energy gaps, ionization potentials, electron affinities, chemical potential, global hardness, softness, global electrophilictity, dipole moment and dipole polarizability were calculated. The harmonic vibration frequencies calculated and analyzed. The results showed a decrease in gap energies and improve the electronic properties.

We report on the electronic and magnetic properties of the rock salt (RS) and cesium chloride (CsCl) phases of EuN. Our calculation was performed within the framework of the density functional theory (DFT), as implemented in the Wien2k package. We have used the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange correlation potential and, in certain, cases the Local Spin Density (LSDA) approximation, with the Hubbard interaction taken into account. Our calculation demonstrates the presence of an energy gap in both of the RS and CsCl structures when only spin-polarized calculation is used. However, taking the Hubbard potential into consideration, via the LSDA+U scheme, led to the disappearance of the energy gap, and hence to the absence of the half-metallic behavior in this system.

There are a number of liquid processes and waste streams at nuclear facilities (i.e. nuclear power plants, fuel reprocessing plants, nuclear research centers, etc.) that require treatment for process chemistry control reasons and/or the removal of radioactive contaminants. These processes may be for reactor primary coolants, the cleanup of spent fuel pools, liquid radioactive waste management systems, etc. One of the most common treatment methods for such aqueous streams is the use of ion exchange, which is a well developed technique that has been employed for many years in both the nuclear industry and in other industries. Nuclear power plant process water systems have typically used organic ion exchange resins to control system chemistry to minimize corrosion or the degradation of system components and to remove radioactive contaminants. Organic resins are also used in a number of chemical decontamination or cleaning processes for the regeneration of process water by reagents and for radionuclide removal. In this report we will describe the method to solidify this waste by cementization techniques methods. There are several techniques are available for treating and conditioning of ion exchange resins. One of such technique uses a matrix material, which can be used in the conditioning process. There is wide rang of potential materials available for the conditioning of low and intermediate level liquid wastes and at the end we will mechanically (compression strength) testify these cubes of different cement and resin composition, according to IAEA standards.

The electronic, elastic and thermal properties of RECd (RE =La, Ce and Pr) intermetallic compounds crystallizing in B2-type structure have been studied using first principles density functional theory within generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and the local spin density approximation (LSDA) for the exchange correlation potential. From energy band structure and density of states we found that these intermetallics are metallic in nature. The thermal and mechanical properties are predicted from the calculated values of elastic constants. The ductility of these compounds is determined by calculating the bulk to shear ratio B/GH. Our calculated results indicate that PrCd is most ductile amongst all the RECd compounds. To the best of our knowledge this is the first theoretical prediction of the elastic properties of these compounds.

Polyaniline/clay nano composite can be prepared by mechanochemical method. The characteristics of various polyaniline-clay nano composite were investigated using UV- visible, FT-IR, and X-ray diffraction. We have also determined grain size (D=0.587 nm).Transmittance measurements in the wavelength range (190-900)nm are used to calculate the refractive index(n), extinction coefficient (k) and the optical band gap Eg opt .

In this analysis, we use the ant behaviour in simulating a framework for analysis of complex interplay amongst short time-scale deformation, long time- scale tectonics for positive stress coupling and slip interactions in earthquake genesis modeling. Using the proposed improved ant colony algorithm for global optimization the best solution ants within the search and the circulation of the optimal solution as the initial solution search, to expand its search, to avoid falling into local optimum of trigger zones analysis for earthquake occurrences. In order to validate the avalanche behaviour and corresponding nucleation we best solution as the initial solution is adopted in order to widen searching scope to avoid getting into local optimum . In this proposed framework, an ant colony model is simulated to identify the physical framework of identifying trigger basins for the precursors to geodynamic model of propagation for precursory stress-strain signals. The disturbances at trigger basins cause the collapse of a subsystem leading to stress evolution and slip nucleation. Trigger basins help identify the zone of earthquake source nucleation as an index of α and μ for strain analysis. The stress strain network can be interpreted by the increase in steady-state energy transmitted due to redistribution of stress accumulation into the earth tectonic framework. Sand pile behaviour model has been modeled through ant colony optimization for forecasting of likelihood time of triggering influences of lithosphere on the basis of critical zones of lithosphere where dump of elastic pressure is possible. The ant colony adaptive framework consisted of vertices representing the stress-strain component and edges, representing scored transformations for global coupling effects have been constructed for dynamic monitoring of stress and strain behaviour. Triggering basins serve as harbingers of large earthquake where stress-strain interactions have been analyzed by the quasi-static mechanics of seismic precursory stress-strain propagation in the crustal lithosphere. The study shows that dynamic variation of stress drop due to saved up pressure can be modeled by ant colony framework for steady state release due to trigger and global correlation framework. The simulation framework shows that with time, spatial triggering points can be negatively coupled and these interact with lesser impact, while positive coupling occurs only with more distant zones of stress generation for geodynamic frameworks, suggesting that the structural heterogeneities within the causative rocks associated with cracks and pores can dictate the pattern of stress – strain interactions and earthquake generating processes.

We have examined the pressure induced structural and electronic properties of neptunium monobismuthides. The total energy as a function of volume is obtained by means of self-consistent tight binding linear muffin-tinorbital (TB-LMTO) method within the local density approximation (LDA). It is found that NpBi is stable in NaCl – type structure under ambient pressure. We predict a structural phase transition from NaCl-type (B1-phase) sructure to CsCl-type (B2-phase) structure for NpBi in the pressure range of 11 GPa. We also calculate the lattice parameter (a0), bulk modulus (B0), band structure and density of states. From energy band diagram it is observed that NpBi exhibit metallic behaviour. The calculated equilibrium lattice parameters and bulk modulus are in general good agreement with available experimental data.

The presence of natural radioactivity in brick and other building materials results in internal and external exposure to the general public. Therefore, it is desirable to determine the concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides. Bricks are one of the main components in building construction beside cements, granites and sand. Thus, this research has been carried out in order to investigate the levels of natural radioactivity and associated radiation hazard in Algerian red brick. The natural radioactivity due to the presence of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in brick samples used as building materials in Tlemcen province – Algeria was measured by gamma spectrometry using NaI(Tl) scintillation well-shaped detector. In this context, brick samples were collected from two manufactories Tafna and Tounan. The mean values of activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to be in the main value of 15.5Bq.kg-1, 11Bq.kg-1, and 196.5Bq.kg-1, respectively. The concentrations of these natural radionuclides were compared with the reported data for other countries and were found significantly lower than the world wide average (1,2). Radium equivalent activities were calculated (41.3 to 51.4) Bq.kg–1 for the analyzed samples to assess the radiation hazards arising due to the presence of these radionuclides in the samples. The calculated radium equivalent activities are lower than the limit set by the OECD report 370 Bq.kg–1 (3). The measured representative level index values for the investigated samples varied in the range (0.31 to 0.38) Bq.kg1. External and internal hazard index (Hex,Hin), the specific dose rates in door (D) and the annual effective dose (DE) due to gamma radiation from building materials was calculated.

We analyze the effects of radiation and chemical reaction on MHD boundary layer flow over a moving vertical porous plate with heat source. The partial differential equations governing the flow are solved numerically using the shooting technique. The influence of various parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, as well as Nusselt number and skin-friction coefficient are examined and presented graphically and through tables. We observed that rate of heat transfer are more influenced by radiation and chemical reaction parameters.

First principles study of structural, electronic, elastic and mechanical properties of ferromagnetic GdSn3 and nonmagnetic YbSn3 rare-earth intermetallics, which crystallize in AuCu3-type structure, is performed using density functional theory based on full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The ground state calculations are carried out within PBE-GGA, PBE-sol GGA and LSDA approximations for the exchange correlation potential. The calculated ground state properties such as lattice constants and bulk moduli agree well with the experiment as well as other theoretical results. We report elastic constants for these compounds for the first time. Both these compounds are found to be ductile in nature. The computed electronic band structures show metallic character. We also report mechanical properties of these compounds for the first time.

Chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) is a polychlorinated aromatic mainly used as a broad spectrum, contact fungicide. A rational approach to test these fungicides is to know the three dimensional structure of these compounds and macromolecular receptor sites as well as their molecular complex .The structures of these compounds can be obtained by X-ray diffraction method in crystalline form and they will invariably be similar to their structure in solutions. The activity of fungicides is intimately related to its chemical structure. Knowledge about the chemical structure of a chemical is useful for the synthesis of new compounds with more specific actions and fewer adverse reactions, to increase/decrease the duration of action of the original drug or to get a more potent compound, to restrict the action to a specific system of the body and to reduce the adverse reactions, toxicity and other disadvantages associated. We can understand the basic chemical groups responsible for drug action. Recently it has been observed that some of the fungicides are losing their effects. So analogous compounds can be designed as substitute, if their structures are known

The structural phase transition, volume collapse and second order elastic constants of 5d-transition metal mononitride (IrN) have been investigated by using interaction potential model (IPM) which consists of Coulomb interaction, three-body interaction and short range overlap repulsive interactions. The present theoretical approach has predicted pressure-volume relationship curves which shows that IrN exhibits a zinc-blend (ZB) type structure at an ambient pressure and undergoes a structural phase transition from B3 to B1 phase at pressure 72 GPa. The equation of state shows volume collapse of 9.09 %. The phase transition pressure and associated volume collapses obtained from this model show a reasonable agreement with other theoretical results. The second order elastic constants are also investigated for ZB phase.

First principles density functional calculations were performed to study the structural, electronic, elastic and mechanical properties of erbium copper intermetallic compound (ErCu). The calculations are carried out within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange and correlation potential. The total energy as a function of volume is obtained by performing spin-polarized calculation. Magnetically the ErCu compound is stable in ferromagnetic (FM) state and its crystal structure is CsCl-type. Ground state properties such as lattice constant (a0), bulk modulus (B), its pressure derivative (B′) and magnetic moment (μB) are calculated. The density of states at the Fermi level, N(EF) and specific heat coefficient are also estimated in majority and minority spin channels. The electronic properties such as band structure and density of states (DOS) reveal that no band gap lead to metallic character of ErCu. The elastic constants (C11, C12 and C44) and mechanical properties such as Poisson’s ratio (σ ), Young’s modulus (E), shear modulus (GH), anisotropic factor (A) are also calculated . Ductility for these compounds is further analyzed by calculating the ratio of (B/GH ) and Cauchy pressure (C12 – C44).

In the present paper, we have investigated the high-pressure structural phase transition of rare-earth antimonide. We studied theoretically the structural properties of this compound (DySb) by using the three-body potential model with the effect of electronic polarizability (TBIPEP). These compounds exhibits first order crystallographic phase transition from NaCl (B1) to CsCl (B2) phase at 22.6 GPa respectively. The phase transition pressures and associated volume collapse obtained from present potential model(TBIPEP) show a good agreement with available experimental data.

We have applied an Extended Three Body Force Shell Model (ETSM) by incorporating the effect of translational- rotational coupling for the investigation of thermoelastic properties such as cohesive energy( ,  molecular force constant(f), compressibility(β), Restrahlen frequency ( ), Debye temperature (θD), Gruneisen parameter (γ), second Gruneisen parameter (q), Moelwyn Hughes constants (F1), and ratio of volume expansion coefficient (αv) to volume specific heat (cv ) of superoxide materials NaO2 and KO2 at 300K. Besides this we have calculated static shear modulii (c44). The shear modulii computed between the temperatures ranges 50K to 500K. Here, we could compare our result with experimental data for thermal properties only at room temperature and the magnitudes of SOECs seem to be correct, also the ETSM method produces the sign of SOECs correctly.

We have studied geomagnetic storm (Dst≤-150 nT), associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), observed during the period of 2000-2011 with Interplanetary Magnetic Fields. It is observed that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) related geomagnetic storms are found to be association rates of halo and partial halo CMEs are 18(90%) and 02(10%) respectively. From the further analysis, positive co-relation has been found between magnitude of CMEs related geomagnetic storms and speed of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), with correlation coefficient 0.50. Positive co-relation has been found between magnitude of CMEs related geomagnetic storms and magnitude of change in interplanetary magnetic fields, with correlation coefficient 0.55, positive co-relation has been found between magnitude of CMEs related geomagnetic storms and peak value of change in interplanetary magnetic fields, with correlation coefficient 0.56.

Nanocrystalline (Pb1-xBix)S thin films were successfully deposited on suitably cleaned glass substrate at constant room temperature, using the chemical bath deposition technique. After deposition the films were also annealed at 4000C for 1 hour in air. The crystal structures of the films were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The films are adherent to the substrate and well crystallized according to cubic structure with the preferential orientation (200). The crystallite size of the pure PbS thin films at optimized deposition time 30 min was found to be 40.4 nm, which increased with Bi content in pure nanocrystalline PbS thin films. The surface roughness of the films was measured by AFM studies. Experiments showed that the growth parameters, doping and annealing influenced the crystal structure of the films.

Specific heat and thermodynamical properties of the LaTiO3+δ/2 have been investigated for the first time using extended rigid ion model (ERIM). With the increase of nominal hole doping δ, the system undergoes a phase change from an insulating phase to a metallic phase at δc IM = 0.05 and the low-temperature antiferromagnetic phase disappears at δc mag = 0.08. LaTiO3+δ/2 has been suggested to have promising scientific and technological applications. Our computed specific heat results follow the same trends of variation with corresponding experimental data. The values of specific heats also increase with temperature. The theoretically computed thermodynamical properties of LaTiO3+δ/2 compound are in good agreement with the available experimental results.

we have expressed the Gibbs free energy for CeN compound as a function of pressure and charge transfer though improved interaction potential model (IIPM). The lattice energy in it has been represented by an IIPM consisting of the long range coulomb interaction, three body interaction, polarizability effect and overlap repulsive interaction effective up to the second neighbour ions. Using this approach high pressure phase transition phenomena in CeN have been explored. The phase transition pressure, volume collapse and elastic properties for CeN predicted from this approach are found to be the experimental data in future. This shows that the inclusion of three body interaction effects and polarizability effects makes the present model suitable for high pressure studies. Moreover, the elastic properties of CeN are also investigated.

In this work band gap of hydrogen-passivated, free-standing silicon nanowires, oriented along [111] direction with rectangular cross section was studied. Further the effect of doping of Al atom on band structure is also analyzed by using GGA approximation. it is found that the band gap of H-SiNW dramatically reduced upon doping and nanowire start behaving as bulk silicon.

The dual frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver provides an opportunity to determine Total Electron Content (TEC) over the crest of equatorial ionization anomaly region Bhopal by taking advantage of the dispersive nature of the ionospheric medium. The TEC values observed for the geomagnetic storm of the January 2005 is used in this paper to discuss the behaviour of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) during geomagnetically disturbed period. Variation of TEC is studied in correlation with the geomagnetic index Dst and southward component of interplanetary magnetic field Bz. The TEC variability is found to vary between with the maximum negative excursion of Dst index during the geomagnetic storms days. Positive phase is observed. Maximum TEC variability is observed during the recovery phase of the storms. Electron and ion density measurements from the DEMETER satellite are compared with the TEC measurements. The study of storm time TEC behaviour is very important due to recent increase in satellite-based navigation applications.

Single and dual frequency GPS receivers used in low-latitude regions can suffer from rapid amplitude and phase fluctuations known as scintillation. Intense signal fluctuations cause GPS receivers to stop tracking the signals from GPS satellites in a process sometimes called “loss of lock”. This may increase navigation errors or, in some cases, cause navigation failure. Data recorded from ground-based GPS scintillation monitors (GSV 4004A GPS receiver) installed at the Space Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal (23.2ºN, 77.4ºE; Geomagnetic 14.2ºN) are used. Different phases of geomagnetic storms affect the generation and development of ionospheric irregularities differently. Results shows that occurrence of scintillation observed during summer months are relatively weak as compared to those recorded during winter and equinox months. The enhancement in magnetic activity leads to a suppression of pre-midnight scintillations during the equinox and during the winter, whereas as enhancement is observed in summer months. The generation or inhibition of irregularities during the main phase/recovery phase of a magnetic storm depends upon the location of the station and local time.

The study of perovskite manganites La0.67Sr0.33Mn1-xCrxO3 (0≤ x ≥0.10) has been carried out. The structure and magneto-transport properties of La0.67Sr0.33Mn1-xCrxO3 manganites are strongly dependent on the doping level x. Polycrystalline samples of La0.67Sr0.33Mn1-xCrxO3 (0≤ x ≥0.10) were prepared by solid state reaction method. The little difference between the ionic radii of Cr3+ and Mn3+ causes no change in the structure, the structure remains rhombohedral. The temperature dependence of the resistivity is measured from 5 – 400 K without and with magnetic field upto 5 T. The value of metal-insulator (M-I) transition temperature (TP) decreases when resistivity increases for all the samples while doping level x increases. The value of magnetoresistance (MR %) increases with increases Cr doping level for all samples. We have calculated energy band gap (Eg) for all samples and it is revealed that as per doping level increases Eg increases which is comparable with experimental data. So, the structure and magneto-transport behavior pretentious by Cr doping.

The structural phase transitions of plutonium pnictides (PuAs and PuSb) have been investigated. The Extented Interaction Potential (EIP) model has been developed (including the zero point energy effect in three body interaction potential model). The phase transition pressures and associated volume collapses obtained from present model show in general in good agreement with available experimental data than others. The elastic constants and modulus of elasticity are also reported.

The structural, electronic, thermal, mechanical and elastic properties of cubic non magnetic RPd3 (R = La &Y) compounds which crystallize in the AuCu3 structure have been studied using ab-initio full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within density functional theory (DFT) using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for exchange correlation potential. The ground states properties such as lattice parameter (a), bulk modulus (B) and pressure derivative (B') have been obtained using optimization method. The elastic properties such as Young’s modulus (E), Poisson’s ratio (σ) and anisotropic ratio (A) and thermal are predicted for first time. The ductility of these compounds has been analyzed using Pugh criteria.

The electronic, elastic and thermal properties of RECd (RE =La, Ce and Pr) intermetallic compounds crystallizing in B2-type structure have been studied using first principles density functional theory within generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and the local spin density approximation (LSDA) for the exchange correlation potential. From energy band structure and density of states we found that these intermetallics are metallic in nature. The thermal and mechanical properties are predicted from the calculated values of elastic constants. The ductility of these compounds is determined by calculating the bulk to shear ratio B/GH. Our calculated results indicate that PrCd is most ductile amongst all the RECd compounds. To the best of our knowledge this is the first theoretical prediction of the elastic properties of these compounds.